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Descriptions of New Species and Genera of Plants in the Natural Order of the Compositae, Collected in a Tour across the Continent to the Pacific, a Residence in Oregon, and a Visit to the Sandwich Islands and Upper California, during the Years 1834 and 1835

1841; Volume: 7; Linguagem: Inglês

10.2307/1005312

2325-9264

Thomas Nuttall,

Biological Control of Invasive Species

Liat ris oppo siti foli a (NuT T.) is a spec ies of Hup ato riu m.Liat ris virg ata, (Nur v.) near ly smoo th; root tube rous ; stem often pani cula tely and virg atel y bran ched ; the flow ers some time s upon short , but usua lly on long pedi cels ; invo lucr um subh emis pher ical ; fifte en to twen ty flow ered ; scale s oval, near ly all equa l and imbr icat e, some what acut e or obtu se; papp us rath er short , slig htly plum ose; rece ptac le nake d, or brac teol ate-Has.In the pine fores ts of Geor gia, and near Newb ern, N. Caro lina .Very pecu liar in its grea t tend ency to bran chin g; the bran ches slend er.Leav es linea r, subl ance olat e, not rema rkably uneq ual; erect , or refl ecte d; smoo th, or some what cilia ted.One spec imen, whic h I cult ivat ed at Camb ridg e, Mass ., had a brac teol ate recep tacle , with a foli aceo us scale to each flore t; in this indi vidu al the leav es were refle cted, I give the followi ng apparent ly new genus of VeRNon tacE®, allied to Vernoni a, collecte d by the late Doctor Baldwin on some part of the Pacific coast of South Ameriea , and from its curious honey-c ombed receptac le, I have called it * SYMBLOMERIA._ Capitulum many-flowe red, homogamou s; the florets tubular and deeply five-cleft, with linearsegments, the exterior series subpalmate .Receptacu lum pitted with angular cavities like a honey-com b, in which the turbinate villous achenium is almost wholly immersed, (as in Baldwinia.)Involucrum hemi herical, imbricate, and somewhat squarrose, in several unequal series, the scales adnate at their base.as with the branches filiform and pubescent, acuminate.Pappus double, and, in several is ME and much shorter, all paleaceous ly bristly.-Ashrub eight or ten feet high, with alternate, lanceolate, 'acuminate, entire, smooth leaves; capituli rather large, axillary and terminal, pedicellate and corymbose (florets apparently white, judging by the dried specimen.)Symblomer ia Baldwinia na.A branching shrub with terete somewhat cinereous puberulous branches and young shoots.Leaves about three inches long, an inch to an inch and a half wide, acuminate at each end.Capituli a little larger than those of Vernonia noveborace nsis, DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW SPECIES linear entire, the radical and lower ones spathulat e, serrate towards the apex.Liguli conspicu ous, purple; disk yellow.Pappus rufous.Allied to Heterotheca, but with the rays neuter, the pappus simple, and the flowers heterochromous .Corethro gyne *incana., arachnoi dly tomentose , leaves oblong-la nceolate, or linear, acute, amplexic aule, nearly entire; branches slender, one or few flowered, fastigiate ; involucr um viscidly pubescen t, of about four series of acute sepals, the lower ones squarrose ; rays about twenty, as long as the disk.-Has.Near St. Diego, Upper Californi a. Flowerin g in May.Rays fia fine, light bluish purple.Stems numerous , about twelve to eighteen inches long, very leafy, branchin g above; branches slender, one to three-flo wered; lower leaves somewha t three-ner ved.Capitulu m about the size of the common Daisy; the involucr um viscid, and sometime s the extreme branchlet s; sepals linear-la nceolate.Rays tridentat e, without any distinct germ or pappus.C. Californ ica? Decann.Diplopap pus incanus, Linp.Aster?tomentell us? (Hoox.and Arn.Bot.Beechy.)With the heavy aromatic odour of some Gnaphahums.Corethro gyne * filaginifo lia, arachnoi dly tomentos e, radical leaves spathulat e, serrate, those of the stem linear, or spathulat e, acute, entire, sessile; branches one-flowe red, fastigiate ; involucr um in about three series of lanceolat e, very acute, erect sepals; rays twenty to twenty-fo ur, bidentate , scarcely as long as the disk.Aster?filaginif olius.Hoox.and Arn.Bot.Beech.-Has.Around St. Barbara, Upper Californi a.Oxzs.-A smaller flowered, more slender species than the preceding , with a smaller and not viseid involucr um, the leaves more whitely tomentos e.-In neither of these species haveewe observed: any palew on the receptacl e, as described by Decandol le, and, in conseque nce, they..wer e rehotrag to Aster by Hooker and Arnott. ASTER. (Linn.)Aster * Andinus, root-stock slender and creeping; stems several, decumbent, above pubescent, mostly one-flower ed; leaves entire, smooth, radical spathulate, sublanceolate, cauline sublinear, acute, usually wider at the base and amplexicaule; scales of the involucrum linear, nearly smooth and mostly acute, AND GENERA OF PLANTS.291 ciliate; rays numerous, rather long, three-toothed ; achenium nearly smooth.-Has.On the highest summits of the Rocky Mountains, near the line of perpetual snow, in 42°.About ten thousand feet above the level of the sea.Near the summit of Thornberg's Ridge, where we made an ineffectual attempt to cross the Northern Andes, in August, still deeply buried in snow. .Allied apparently to the A. repens of Humboldt and Bonpland.Root perennial, creeping, wiry and slender, sending up small clusters of decumbent stems, three or four inches high, each mostly terminating in a single capitulum, about half the ordinary size of that of A. alpinus.Radical leaves very smooth, and somewhat coriaceous, rarely with two slight denticulations, stem leaves three or four, lanceolate-linear, amplexicaule and acute, usually somewhat ciliate.Capitulum hemispherical, involucrum of two series of narrow linear acute, herbaceous sepals, strongly pubescent on the margin, rather shorter than the disk.Rays feminine, about forty, narrow linear, mostly three-toothed, purplish-blue.Pappus scarcely scabrous, purplish; the hairs slender.-Flowering in August.In one specimen the leaves are longer, sublanceolate, slightly serrulate, and the sepals more acute.Aster *glacialis, stem erect, one-flowered, pubescent above, rather naked; leaves entire, smooth, somewhat three-nerved, the primary ones spathulateoblong, the rest lanceolate, acute, scabrous on the margin, cauline small, very acute, amplexicaule; involucrum of nearly a simple series of linear, acuminate, glandularly pubescent, brownish sepals; rays rose-purple, three-toothed; pappus barbellate; achenium pubescent.-Has.With the preceding, which it much resembles.-Rootperennial, not creeping, the stock rather thick and undivided.Leaves wholly smooth, except the scabrous margin, after the first spathulate ones, acute, attenuated below; stem often as naked as a scape.The calix quite viscid; the sepals much acuminated, of an uniform brown and herbaceous colour, about the length of the disk.Rays oblong, broader and shorter than in the preceding, about forty, somewhere about equal with the disk.Pappus paler, much shorter than in the preceding, and distinctly barbellated.Aster *integrifolius, stem pubescent, simple, erect, and with the involuerum glutinous above; leaves entire, radical lanceolate, long petiolate, all acute; cauline oblong-lanceolate, scabrous, pubescent on the margin, dilated and amplex-292 DESCRIP TIONS OF NEW SPECIES icaule at the base; capituli large, subcorymbose, about three to five, on short and nearly naked peduncles; involucrum loosely imbricated, sepals nearly equal, linear-lanceolate, acute, somewhat spreading; achenium rather villous.-Analpine species growing with the above, but at a lower elevation.Root creeping; stem robust, about a foot high; terminating in a short raceme, or small corymb, glutinous pubescent above, as well as the sepals, which are leafy.Lower leaves spathulate-lanceolate ; those on the stem few and rather remote, the lowest nearly half a foot long, the uppermost scarcely an inch, and cordate-lanceolate, amplexicaule; one or two small leaves on the peduncle, which is scarcely an inch long; leaves of the involucrum about equal with the disk, about two series.Rays bluish-purple, as long as the disk, fifteen to twenty-five, the terminal capitulum much larger.Pappus brownish, scabrous, rather long and abundant.-Flowering in August.Evidently allied to Pursh's A, peregrinus, but the stem is pubescent below and viscid above, and the leaves amplexicaule.Aster * pauciflorus .Involucru m hemispheri cal, sepals very viscid, acuminate, nearly equal, about two series, foliaceous, and somewhat spreading ; rays few, pale purple.A genuine alpigenous Aster, no Tripolium.Allied to the preceding, but a small, slender plant.Tripolium paucifloru m, (NEEs.