Polymorphism and speciation in Arctic charr
2001; Wiley; Volume: 58; Issue: 3 Linguagem: Inglês
10.1006/jfbi.2000.1515
ISSN1095-8649
Autores Tópico(s)Aquatic Invertebrate Ecology and Behavior
ResumoJournal of Fish BiologyVolume 58, Issue 3 p. 605-638 Polymorphism and speciation in Arctic charr B. Jonsson, Corresponding Author B. Jonsson Norwegian Institute for Nature Research, P.O. Box 736 Sentrum, N-0105 Oslo, Norway *Author to whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel.: +47 23355114; fax: +47 23355101; email: [email protected]Search for more papers by this authorN. Jonsson, N. Jonsson Norwegian Institute for Nature Research, P.O. Box 736 Sentrum, N-0105 Oslo, NorwaySearch for more papers by this author B. Jonsson, Corresponding Author B. Jonsson Norwegian Institute for Nature Research, P.O. Box 736 Sentrum, N-0105 Oslo, Norway *Author to whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel.: +47 23355114; fax: +47 23355101; email: [email protected]Search for more papers by this authorN. Jonsson, N. Jonsson Norwegian Institute for Nature Research, P.O. Box 736 Sentrum, N-0105 Oslo, NorwaySearch for more papers by this author First published: 01 April 2005 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.2001.tb00518.xCitations: 267AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onEmailFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat Abstract The Arctic charr Salvelinus alpinus exhibits 1–4 sympatric morphs in postglacial lakes, of which one or two are epibenthic zoobenthos feeders, one is a limnetic planktivore and one is a piscivorous form. In addition, northern rivers support partly migratory populations with anadromous and freshwater resident fish. The morphs vary in their coloration, morphology, life history, behaviour and genetic characteristics. The morphs usually differentiate according to their ontogenetic stage at maturity, which parallels paedomorphism in amphibians. The young usually start as epibenthic zoobenthivores, but may become pelagic at a certain size according to the predation risk experienced at that time. From a length of > 20–25 cm, charr start to become piscivorous. The proportion of piscivorous fish increases with increasing body size. In partly anadromous populations, fish that mature before smolting become freshwater resident, the others anadromous. In some rivers, the morphs occupy separate niches (epibenthic and limnetic), from emergence onwards. The morphs exhibit different degrees of reproductive isolation that vary from a high degree of interbreeding to complete isolation. Usually, they spawn within morph (assortative mating), but alternative male mating behaviour (sneaking, fighting) may occur in stream-spawning populations and at great depths in lakes. Morphologically specialized morphs appear to feed more effectively than intermediate forms, and selection according to feeding mode, site fidelity and associated assortative mating are prerequisites for the evolution of the different morphs. Charr morphs develop into stable feeding niches under conditions of intense intraspecific competition when there is little competition with other species. Sympatric morphs exhibit different degrees of speciation, but similar morphs in different systems are not individual species because of (1) their polyphyletic origin, (2) the supporting systems are often young, transient environments making the future situation for the populations uncertain, and (3) the genetic differentiation among morphs is low. Sympatric morphs may interbreed and produce fertile hybrids. 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