Liquid Electrolyte Sensors: Potentiometry, Amperometry, and Conductometry
1991; Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute; Linguagem: Inglês
10.1002/9783527620135.ch7
ISSN1424-8220
Autores Tópico(s)Electrochemical Analysis and Applications
ResumoChapter 7 Liquid Electrolyte Sensors: Potentiometry, Amperometry, and Conductometry Friedrich Oehme, Friedrich Oehme Görwihl, FRGSearch for more papers by this author Friedrich Oehme, Friedrich Oehme Görwihl, FRGSearch for more papers by this author Book Editor(s):Prof. Dr. W. Göpel, Prof. Dr. W. Göpel Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie der Universität Auf der Morgenstelle 8, D-7400 Tubingen, FRGSearch for more papers by this authorProf. J. Hesse, Prof. J. Hesse Carl Zeiss, ZB „Entwicklung”︁ Postfach 1380, D-7082 Oberkochen, FRGSearch for more papers by this authorDr. J. N. Zemel, Dr. J. N. Zemel Center for Sensor Technology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6390, USASearch for more papers by this author First published: 09 October 1991 https://doi.org/10.1002/9783527620135.ch7Citations: 4 AboutPDFPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Summary The chapter contains sections titles: Potentiometry Amperometry Conductometry References Citing Literature Literature Light, T. S., in: Ion-Selective Electrodes, R. A. Durst (ed.); Washington, DC: NBS, Special Publ. 312, 1969, 349– 373. Oehme, F., Gewässerschutz-Wasser-Abwasser 39 (1979) 111– 128. Clerc, Z., Stefanac, R., Simon, W., Helv. Chim. Acta 48 (1965) 54– 64. Fjeldly, T. A., Nagy, K., J. Electrochem. Soc. 127 (1980) 1299– 1303. Meyerhoff, M. E., Fraticelli, Y. M., Anal. Chem. 54 (1982) 27R– 31R. Hulanicki, A., Trojanowicz, M., in: Ion-Selective Electrodes, 2nd Symposium at Matrafüred, Hungary, Oct. 18–21, 1976, Pungor, E. (ed.); Budapest: Akadémia Kiadó, 1977, 139– 150. Janata, J., Huber, R. J., Solid State Chemical Sensors; New York: Academic Press, 1985. Oehme, F., GIT Fachz. Lab. 30 (1986) 595– 602. Zachariasen, W. H., J. Am. Chem. Soc. 54 (1932) 3841. Perley, G. A., Anal. Chem. 21 (1949) 394. MacInnes, D. A., Dole, M., J. Am. Chem. Soc. 52 (1930) 29– 48. Hubbard, D., Hamilton, E. H., Finn, A. N., J. Res. Nat. Bur. Standards 22 (1939) 299– 352. Bates, R. G., Determination of pH, 2nd Ed.; New York: J. Wiley & Sons, 1973. Baucke, F. G. K., J. Non-Cryst. Solids 14 (1974) 13– 31. Baucke, F. G. K., J. Non-Cryst. Solids 73 (1985) 215– 231. Eisenman, G., Glass Electrodes for Hydrogen and Other Cations; New York: Dekker, 1967. Nikolsky, B. P., Shultz, M. M., Pashekhovna, N. V., Zh. Fiz. Khim. 33 (1959) 1922– 1945. Wegman, D., Simon, W., Helv. Chim. Acta 47 (1964) 1181– 1193. Frant, M., Riseman, L., Science 154 (1966) 1553– 1555. Simon, W., Pioda, L., Chimia 23 (1969) 72– 90. Simon, W., Angew. Chemie 82 (1970) 433– 470. Pioda, L., Stankova, V., Simon, W., Stefanac, R., Mikrochem. J. 12 (1967) 125. Frant, M., Ross, J. W., Science 167 (1970) 987– 990. Eisenman, G., in: Ion-selective Electrodes, R. A. Durst (ed.); Washington, DC: NBS, Special Publ. 312, 1969, 1– 54. Ross, J. W., in: Ion-selective electrodes, R. A. Durst (ed.); Washington, DC: NBS, Special Publ. 312, 1969, 57– 88. Morf, W. E., Wuhrmann, P., Simon, W., Anal. Chem. 48 (1976) 1031– 1037. Morf, W. E., Amman, D., Simon, W., Chimia 28 (1974) 65– 67. Simon, W., Pioda, L., Chimia 23 (1974) 375. Oesch, U., Brozka, Z., Xu, A., Rusterholz, G., Amman, D., Pretsch, E., Simon, W., Anal. Chem. 58 (1986) 2285– 2289. Ives, D. J. G., Janz, G. J., Reference Electrodes; New York: Academic Press, 1961. Delahay, P., Double Layer Electrode Kinetics; New York: J. Wiley, 1965. Marcus, R. A., Ann. Rev. Phys. Chem. 15 (1964) 155. Baucke, F. G. K., Electroanal. Chem. 33 (1971) 135– 144. Comer, J., Internat. Labmate 8 (1984) No. 6. Conway, B., Electrochemical Data; Amsterdam: Elsevier, 1952. Orion Newsletters 1 (1969) pp. 21– 23, Orion Research, Cambridge, MA 02139, U.S.A. DIN 19260, pH Messung, allgemeine Begriffe; Berlin: Beuth. IUPAC, Manual of Symbols and Terminology for Physicochemical Quantities; New York: Pergamon Press, 1979. DIN 19266, Standardpufferlösungen; Berlin: Beuth. DIN 19267, Technische Pufferlösungen; Berlin: Beuth. Filomena, M., Camoes, G. F. C., Covington, A. K., Anal. Chem. 46 (1974) 1547– 1551. Covington, A. K., Pure Appl. Chem. 57 (1985) 531– 534. Mussini, T., Covington, A. K., Longhi, P., Pure Appl. Chem. 57 (1985) 865– 888. Hammett, L. P., Chem. Rev. 13 (1933) 61– 75. Schwarzenbach, G., Sulzberger, R., Helv. Chim. Acta 27 (1944) 348– 360. Fritz, S., Acid-Base Titrations in Non-Aqueous Solvents; Boston: Allyn and Bacon, 1973. Kucharsky, J., Safarik, S., Titrations in Non-Aqueous Solvents; Amsterdam: Elsevier, 1965. Hildebrand, J. H., J. Am. Chem. Soc. 35 (1913) 847. Perley, G. A., Trans. Electrochem. Soc. 92 (1947) 485– 492. Biilmann, E., Jensen, A. L., Bull. Soc. Chim. 41 (1927) 151– 160. MacInnes, D. A., Dole, M., Ind. Eng. Chem., Anal. Ed. 1 (1929) 57– 59. MacInnes, D. A., Belcher, D., J. Am. Chem. Soc. 53 (1931) 3315– 3324. Ostwald-Luther's Hand- und Hilfsbuch physikochemischer Messungen, C. Drucker (ed.); New York: Dover Publications, 1943, p. 546. Busch, J., Graabeck, A. M., Halmvig, H., Internat. Labmate, May (1982) 92– 96. DIN 19265, Supplementary measuring apparatus; Berlin: Beuth. Midgley, D., Analyst. 112 (1987) 573– 585. Midgley, D., Torrance, K., Analyst 107 (1982) 1297– 1308. Tauber, G., Process Automation (1984) 51– 58. Kolthoff, I. M., Hartong, B. D., Rec. Trav. Chim. 44 (1925) 113– 120. Oehme, F., Kommunalwirtschaft, No. 9 (1964). Oehme, F., Ertl, S., Chemie-Technik 24 (1980) 447– 450. Ives, D. J. G., Janz, G. J., Reference Electrodes; New York: Academic Press, 1961, Chapter 7. de Rooij, N. F., Bergveld, P., in: Monitoring Vital Parameters During Extracorporeal Circulation, H.P. Kimmich (ed.); Basel: Karger, 1981. Perley, G. A., Godschalk, J. B., US-Pat. 2 416 949. Kinoshita et al., Electrochim. Acta 31 (1968) 29– 35. Fogg, A., Buck, R. P., Sensors and Actuators 5 (1984) 137– 146. Klein, M., Kuisl, M., VDI-Ber. Nr. 508 (1984) 275– 279. Niedrach, L. W., Science 207 (1980) 1200– 1204. Light, T. S., Fletcher, K. S., Anal. Chim. Acta 175 (1985) 117– 126. Weiner, R., Die Abwässer der Galvanotechnik; Saulgau, FRG: Leuze Verlag. Burke, L. D., in: Electrodes and Conductive Metal Growth, S. Trasatti (ed.); Amsterdam: Elsevier, 1980. Unpublished work, Oehme, F., Polymetron AG, CH-8617 Mönchaltdorf, Switzerland. Bühler, H., Galster, H., Redoxmessung, Dr. W. Ingold AG, CH-8902 Urdorf, Switzerland. Schenk, G. J., J. Chem. Ed. 41 (1964) 32– 36. Jolly, W. L., J. Chem. Ed. 43 (1966) 198– 201. Oehme, F., Rhyn, H., Neue Zürcher Zeitung, März, No. 875/876 (1965). Davis, G., in: Comprehensive Analytical Chemistry, C. L. Wilson, D. W. Wilson (eds.); Amsterdam: Elsevier, 1964, 65– 165. Berka, A., Vulterin, J., Zyka, J., Massenanalytische Oxidations- u. Reduktionsmethoden; Leipzig: Akad. Verlagsgesellschaft, 1964. Oehme, F., Richter, W., Instrumental Titration Techniques; Heidelberg: Hüthig Verlag, 1987. Clark, W., Oxidation-Reduction Potentials of Organic Systems; Baltimore: Williams and Wilkins, 1960. Schulze, G., Simon, J., Maßanalyse; Berlin: de Gruyter, 1986. Oehme, F., Ionen-selective Elektroden; Heidelberg: Hüthig 1986. Frazer, J. W., Balaban, D. J., Brand, H. R., Lanning, S. M., Anal. Chem. 55 (1983) 855– 860. Jain, R., Schultz, J. S., Anal. Chem. 56 (1984) 141– 146. Orion Newsletters, Feb., Jul.-Aug., Nov.-Dec., 1970; and Jan.-Feb., 1971, Orion Research, Cambridge, MA 02139, U.S.A. Midgley, D., Torrance, K., Known-Addition and Known-Subtration Potentiometry; Chichester: Wiley 1978. Avdeef, A., Comer, J., Internat. Lab., May (1987) 54– 63; June 44–52 and Internat Lab., June (1987) 44–52. Gran, G., Analyst 77 (1952) 661– 667. Cammann, K., Das Arbeiten mit Ionen-selectiven Elektroden; Berlin: Springer, 1977. Rigdon, L. P., Moody, G. J., Frazer, J. W., Anal. Chem. 50 (1978) 465. Ion-Selective Measurements in the Laboratory, Philips Science & Industry Office, Pye Unicam Ltd., Cambridge CB1 2PX, G.B. Handbook of Elektrode Technology, Orion Research, Cambridge, MA 02139, U.S.A.; Key word: electrode. Guide to water and Wastewater Analysis, Orion Research, Cambridge, MA 02139, U.S.A. Oehme, F., Bänninger, R., Chem. Rundschau, No. 19 (1983). Guide to Food and Beverage Analysis, Orion Research, Cambridge, MA 02139, U.S.A. Orion Newsletters 1, No. 6, 1969, p. 35– 38, Orion Research, Cambridge, MA 02139, U.S.A. Handbook of Electrode Technology, Orion Research, Cambridge, MA 02139, U.S.A. Guide to Ion Analysis, Orion Research, Cambridge, MA 02139, U.S.A. Bulletins der Deutschen Metrohm, Deutsche Metrohm GmbH, D-7024 Filderstadt, FRG. Ion-Selective Electrode Instruction Manuals, Radiometer A/S, DK-2400 Capenhagen NV. Clark, L. C., Trans. Am. Soc., Artif. Int. Organs 2 (1956) 41. Severinghaus, W., Bradley, A. F., J. Appl. Physiol. 13 (1958) 515. Ross, J. W., Riseman, J. H., Krueger, J. A., Pure Appl. Chem. 36 (1973) 473– 487. Havas, J., Ion- and Molecular-Selective Electrodes in Biological Systems; Berlin: Springer, 1985. Handbook of Electrode Technology, Key word: Nitrate in wastewater, Orion Research, Cambridge, MA 02139, U.S.A. Bühler, H., Messen in der Biotechnologie; Heidelberg: Hüthig, 1985. “ Total Nitrogen in Foods”, in: Guide to Food and Beverage Analysis, Orion Research, Cambridge, MA 02139, U.S.A. Scarano, E., Naggar, P., Belli, R., Anal. Letters 16 (A 10) (1983) 273– 278. Kalman, L., Swiss Pat. 620, 298. Rideal, E. K., Evans, U. R., J. Soc. Publ. Anal., No. 7 (1913). Meites, L., Polarographique Techniques, 2nd Ed.; New York: Interscience, 1965. Heyrovsky, J., Kuta, J., Principles of Polarography; New York: Academic Press, 1966. Clark, L. C., US Patent 2 913 386, 1959. Tödt, F., Elektrochemische Sauerstoffmessung; Berlin: de Gruyter, 1958. Schwabe, K., Chemie-Ing.-Technik 37 (1965) 483– 492. Energetic Science Inc., New York, N. Y., US Patent 3 776 832. Fritz, J. S., Gjerde, D. G., Pohlandt, Ch., Ion Chromatography, Heidelberg: Hüthig, 1982. Delehay, P., Charlot, G., Laitinen, H. A., “Classification and Nomenclature of Electroanalytical Methods”, Anal. Chem. 32, No. 3 (1960) 103A– 108A. Kolthoff, I. M., Elving, P. J., in: Treatise on Electroanalytical Chemistry; New York: Interscience Publishers, 1963, Chapter 43. IUPAC Compendium of Analytical Nomenclature; Oxford: Pergamon Press, 1978. “IUPAC Reports: Recommended Terms, Symbols and Definitions for Electroanalytical Chemistry”, Pure Appl. Chem. 51 (1979) 1159– 1174. Draft Document 66D/25: Expression of Performance of Electrochemical Analyzers, Part IV: Dissolved Oxygen in Water Utilizing Membrane-Covered Amperometric Sensors; International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC), Rue de Varembé, CH-1211 Genf 20, CH. Hersch, P., Galvanic Analysis, Reprint 6213, Beckman Instruments, Fullerton, CA, U.S.A. DIN 19261: pH Messung, Begriffe für Meßverfahren mit galvanischen Zellen; Berlin: Beuth. Stucki, S., Chimia 42, No. 3 (1988) 94– 99. Oehme, F., Ertl, S., Chemie-Technik 8 (1979) 95– 100. Bockris, J. O'M., Azzam, A. M., Trans. Farad. Soc. 48 (1952) 145. MacDonald, D. D., Transient Techniques in Electrochemistry; New York: Plenum Press, 1977. Kissinger, P. T., in: Laboratory Techniques in Electrochemistry; New York: Marcel Dekker, 1984. Rach, P., Seiler, H., Polarography and Voltammetry in Trace Analysis, Heidelberg: Hüthig, 1987. Fleischmann, H., Pletcher, D., Tetrahedron Letters 60 (1968) 6255– 6258. Albahadily, F. N., Mottola, H. A., J. Chem. Ed. 63 (1986) 271– 274. Koryta, J., Lehrbuch der Elektrochemie; Vienna: Springer, 1975. Adams, R. N., Electrochemistry at Solid Electrodes; New York: Marcel Dekker, 1969. Eberius, E., Wasserbestimmungen mit Karl-Lösungen, Weinheim: Verlag Chemie, 1958. Mabbott, G. A., J. Chem. Ed. 60 (1983) 697– 682. Kissinger, R. T., Heineman, W. R., J. Chem. Ed. 60 (1983) 701. Ross, J. W., Riseman, J. H., Krueger, J. A., Pure Appl. Chem. 36 (1973) 479, Table 3. Carey, W.-P., et al., Sensors and Actuators 9 (1986) 223– 234. Fabian, L., Chemie-Anlagen-Verfahren, Dec. (1986) 95– 102. Hitchman, M. L., Measurement of Dissolved Oxygen, New York: Wiley, 1978. Mancy, K. H., Okun, D. A., Reilley, C. N., J. Electroanal. Chem. 4 (1962) 65. International Oceanographic Tables, National Institute of Geography of Great Britain, Wormley, Surrey, G. B. Oehme, F., Schuler, P., Gelöst-Sauerstoff-Messung; Heidelberg: Hüthig, 1983. Kitzelman, D., Deprez, J., German Patent Application DE 3033 796 A 1, 1980. Züllig, H., Gas-Wasser-Fach Wasser/Abwasser 118 (1977) 227– 234. Mackereth, F. J. H., J. Sci. Instr. 41 (1964) 38. Kane, P. O., Young, J. M., J. Electroanal. Chem. 75 (1977) 255– 267. US Patent 4 477 403, 1983, Teledyne Industries, Los Angeles, CA. Schuler, P., GIT Fachz. Lab. 24 (1980) 799. Technical Notes: Revolutionary Guard Ring Electrode Makes Low Level Oxygen Detection a Technical Reality, Orbisphere Laboratories, CH-1222 Vésenaz/Geneve. Riegler, G., Korresp. Abwasser 31 (1984) 369– 377. Maximale Arbeitsplatzkonzentrationen; Weinheim: VCH Verlagsgesellschaft, 1985. Scheller, F. W., in: Biosensors, A. P. F. Turner, J. Karube, G. S. Wilson (eds.); Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1987. Metrohm Information 1980, 10, No. 2, pp. 11– 13, Metrohm AG, CH-9100 Herisau. Schmidt, H.-L., Kittstein-Eberle, R., Naturwissensch. 73 (1986) 314– 321. Havas, J., Ion- and Molecule-Selective Electrodes in Biological Systems; Berlin: Springer Verlag, 1985. Chandler, G. K., Eddowes, M. J., Sensors and Acutators 13 (1988) 223– 228. van der Schoot, B. H., Bergveld, P., Anal. Chim Acta 199 (1987) 157– 160. Oehme, F., Chemiker Ztg. 85 (1961) 257– 262. Clark, L. C., in: Biosensors, A. P. F. Turner, J. Karube, G. S. Wilson (eds.); Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1987. McCann, J., in: Biosensors, A. P. F. Turner, I. Karube, G. S. Wilson (eds.); Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1987. Home, P. D., Alberti, K. G. M., in: Biosensors, A. P. F. Turner, J. Karube, G. S. Wilson (eds.); Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1987. Reilley, Ch. N., Murray, R. M., in: Treatise on Analytical Chemistry, Vol. 4, I. M. Kolthoff (eds.); New York: Interscience Publishers, 1963, Chapter 43. Meites, L., “ Amperometric Titrations”, in: Polarographique Techniques, 2nd Ed.; New York: Interscience, 1965. Stock, J. T., Amperometric Titrations; New York: Krieger Publishing Co., 1975. Mitchell, J., Smith, D. M., Aquametry, Part III; New York: Wiley 1980. Draft ISO/TC 147 Electrolytic conductivity. DIN 38404, Entwurf: Bestimmung der elektrischen Leitfähigkeit; Berlin: Beuth. Lange, E., Göhr, H., Thermodynamische Elektrochemie; Heidelberg: Hüthig, 1962. International Critical Tables of Numerical Data in Physics, Chemistry and Technology; New York: McGraw-Hill, 1930. Conway, B. E., Electrochemical Data; Amsterdam: Elsevier, 1952. Landoldt-Börnstein, Zahlenwerte und Funktionen aus Naturwissenschaften und Technik, Vol. II, Part 6; Berlin: Springer, 1960. Jones, G., Bradshaw, B. C., J. Am. Chem. Soc. 55 (1933) 2245. Hewitt, G. F., Tables of the Resistivity of Aqueous Solutions, Document AERE 3497; Harwell, U. K.: Atomic Energy Research Establishment, 1960. Oehme, F., Bänninger, R., ABC der Konduktometrie, Polymetron AG, CH-8617 Mönchaltorf, CH. Rommel, K., VGB Kraftwerk 65 (1985) 417– 421. Rommel, K., Kleine Leitfähigkeitsfibel, WTW, D-8120 Weilheim, FRG. Tomkins, R. P. T., Ganz, G. J., Anadalaft, E., J. Electrochem. Soc. 117 (1970) 906– 907. Nichol, J. C., Fuoss, R. M., J. Phys. Chem. 58 (1954) 696. Oehme, F., GIT Fachz. Lab. 21 (1977) 15– 21. Rommel, K., LABO 12, No. 5 (1981). Parker, H. C., J. Am. Chem. Soc. 45 (1923) 1366, 2017. Calvert, R., Cornelius, I. A., Griffiths, V. S., Stock, D. I., J. Phys. Chem. 62 (1985) 47. Salomon, M., Chem. Technik 10 (1958) 207. Cruse, K., Huber, R., Hochfrequenztitration; Weinheim: Verlag Chemie, 1957. Pungor, E., Oscillometry and Conductometry; Oxford: Pergamon Press, 1965. Klutke, F., Dechema Monographien 17 (1951) 108– 121. Klutke, F., Wuratz, H., Zeitschr. Naturf. 5 (1950) 441. Findlay, A., Introduction to Physical Chemistry; London: Longmans, Green & Co., 1933. Boeseken, J., Rec. Trav. Chim. Pay-Bas 58 (1939) 3; and. Rec. Trav. Chim. Pay-Bas 59 (1940) 745. Grinberg, A. A., Einführung in die Chemie der Komplexverbindungen; Berlin: Verlag Technik, 1955. Kraus, Ch. A., Bray, W., J. Am. Chem. Soc. 35 (1913) 1315. Oehme, F., Chemiker Zeitung 85 (1961) 257– 262. Oehme, F., Pharmazie 10 (1955) 532– 534. Kucharsky, J., Safarik, L., Titrations in Nonaqueous Solvents; Amsterdam: Elsevier, 1965. “ Industrial Conductometry”, Data sheet TE 876, Polymetron AG, CH-8617 Mönchaltorf, CH. Produkte Handbuch, Conducta GmbH, D-7016 Gerlingen, Germany. Howard, C. S., Ind. Eng. Chem., Anal. Ed. 5 (1933) 623. Hamon, B., J. Sci. Instr. 33 (1956) 329. Mohler, B., Met. Finish., July (1977) 54. Schuler, P., Degner, R., GIT Fachz. Lab. No. 6 (1985) 593– 600. Johnson, E. L., Internat. Lab., April (1982) 110. Franklin, G. O., Internat. Lab., July/August (1985) 56– 67. Jansen, K. H., Meier, K. D., Labor Praxis, May (1985) 438– 453. Opekar, F., Trojánek, A., Anal. Chim. Acta 203 (1987) 1– 10. Bartscher, W., Schmidts, W., Z. Anal. Chem. 203 (1964) 169– 178. Bruckenstein, S., Symanski, J., Anal. Chem. 58 (1968) 1766– 1780. Carlson, R. M., Anal. Chem. 50 (1978) 1528– 1531; and. Anal. Chem. 57 (1985) 1590– 1591. Baumann, T., Labor Praxis, May (1988) 542– 547. Albery, W. J., Hitchman, M. L., Ring-Disc Electrodes; Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1971. Böhm, H., Techn. Messen 50 (1983) 399– 406. Harman, J. N., “ Electrochemical Generation of Pollutant Standards”, in: Calibration in Air Monitoring, ASTM STP 598 (1976) 282– 300. J. H. Knox (ed.), High Performance Liquid Chromatography, Edinburgh: University Press, 1978. Heisz, O., Hochleistungs-Flüssigkeits-Chromatographie, Heidelberg: Hüthig 1987. Anson, D., et al., J. Inst. Fuel, April (1971) 191– 195. Sensors: Chemical and Biochemical Sensors ‐ Part I, Volume 2 ReferencesRelatedInformation
Referência(s)