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Plasticity and Genetic Diversity May Allow Saltcedar to Invade Cold Climates in North America

2002; Wiley; Volume: 12; Issue: 6 Linguagem: Inglês

10.2307/3099929

1939-5582

Jason P. Sexton, John McKay, Anna Sala,

Plant and animal studies

Ecological ApplicationsVolume 12, Issue 6 p. 1652-1660 Regular Article PLASTICITY AND GENETIC DIVERSITY MAY ALLOW SALTCEDAR TO INVADE COLD CLIMATES IN NORTH AMERICA Jason P. Sexton, Jason P. Sexton Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana 59812 USA Present address: Sweeney Granite Mountains Desert Research Center, University of California, Riverside, P.O. Box 101, Kelso, California 92351 USA. E-mail: [email protected]Search for more papers by this authorJohn K. McKay, John K. McKay Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana 59812 USASearch for more papers by this authorAnna Sala, Anna Sala Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana 59812 USASearch for more papers by this author Jason P. Sexton, Jason P. Sexton Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana 59812 USA Present address: Sweeney Granite Mountains Desert Research Center, University of California, Riverside, P.O. Box 101, Kelso, California 92351 USA. E-mail: [email protected]Search for more papers by this authorJohn K. McKay, John K. McKay Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana 59812 USASearch for more papers by this authorAnna Sala, Anna Sala Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana 59812 USASearch for more papers by this author First published: 01 December 2002 https://doi.org/10.1890/1051-0761(2002)012[1652:PAGDMA]2.0.CO;2Citations: 194 Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onEmailFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat Abstract Two major mechanisms have been proposed to explain the ability of introduced populations to colonize over large habitat gradients, despite significant population bottlenecks during introduction: (1) Broad environmental tolerance—successful invaders possess life history traits that confer superior colonizing ability and/or phenotypic plasticity, allowing acclimation to a wide range of habitats. (2) Local adaptation—successful invaders rapidly adapt to local selective pressures. However, even with bottlenecks, many introduced species exhibit surprisingly high levels of genetic variation and thus the potential for evolutionary increases in invasive traits and plasticity. Here we assess the invasive potential of Tamarix ramosissima, by examining the degree of genetic differentiation within and among populations from the latitudinal extremes of its introduced range. Using growth chamber experiments we examined ecologically important variation in seedlings, both in trait means and their reaction norms across temperature environments. Although we found no genetic variation for gas exchange traits, within or among populations, we did find significant genetic variation for growth traits, both in the trait means and in the degree of plasticity in these traits. Northern ecotypes invested more in roots relative to southern ecotypes but only under low temperatures. Both ecotypes increased shoot investment in warm temperatures. Increased root investment in cold temperatures by northern ecotypes may increase their first winter survival. Genetic differences in seedling root investment may contribute to the ability of this species to successfully tolerate and invade a broader latitudinal range. Our data support a model in which both plasticity and adaptive evolution can contribute to the invasive potential of introduced species. 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