A Review of the Neurobehavioral Deficits in Children with Fetal Alcohol Syndrome or Prenatal Exposure to Alcohol
1998; Wiley; Volume: 22; Issue: 2 Linguagem: Inglês
10.1097/00000374-199804000-00001
ISSN1530-0277
AutoresSarah N. Mattson, Edward P. Riley,
Tópico(s)Birth, Development, and Health
ResumoAlcoholism: Clinical and Experimental ResearchVolume 22, Issue 2 p. 279-294 A Review of the Neurobehavioral Deficits in Children with Fetal Alcohol Syndrome or Prenatal Exposure to Alcohol Sarah N. Mattson, Corresponding Author Sarah N. Mattson Center for Behavioral Teratology, Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, San Diego, California.Reprint requests: Sarah N. Mattson, Ph.D., Center for Behavioral Teratology, 6363 Alvarado Court, Suite 209, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92120.Search for more papers by this authorEdward P. Riley, Edward P. Riley Center for Behavioral Teratology, Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, San Diego, California.Search for more papers by this author Sarah N. Mattson, Corresponding Author Sarah N. Mattson Center for Behavioral Teratology, Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, San Diego, California.Reprint requests: Sarah N. Mattson, Ph.D., Center for Behavioral Teratology, 6363 Alvarado Court, Suite 209, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92120.Search for more papers by this authorEdward P. Riley, Edward P. Riley Center for Behavioral Teratology, Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, San Diego, California.Search for more papers by this author First published: 30 May 2006 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1530-0277.1998.tb03651.xCitations: 476 Presented at the 1996 Borchard Foundation Symposium on the Behavioral Effects in Children following Prenatal Alcohol Exposure, Missillac, France, July 28–30, 1996. This work was supported by the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism Grant AA10417 and AA10820. Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onEmailFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat REFERENCES 1 Warner RH, Rosett HL: The effects of drinking on offspring. J Stud Alcohol 36: 1395–1420, 1975. 10.15288/jsa.1975.36.1395 PubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 2 Lemoine P, Harousseau H, Borteyru J-P, Menuet J-C: Les enfants de parents aicooliques: Anomalies observées. A proposos de 127 cas [Children of alcoholic parents: Abnormalities observed in 127 cases]. Ouest Med 21: 476–482, 1968. Google Scholar 3 Jones KL, Smith DW, Ulleland CN, Streissguth AP: Pattern of malformation in offspring of chronic alcoholic mothers. Lancet 1: 1267–1271, 1973. 10.1016/S0140-6736(73)91291-9 CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 4 Jones KL, Smith DW: Recognition of the fetal alcohol syndrome in early infancy. Lancet 2: 999–1001, 1973. 10.1016/S0140-6736(73)91092-1 PubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 5 Abel EL, Sokol RJ: A revised conservative estimate of the incidence of FAS and its economic impact. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 15: 514–524, 1991. 10.1111/j.1530-0277.1991.tb00553.x CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 6 Streissguth AP, Clarren SK, Jones KL: Natural history of the fetal alcohol syndrome: A 10 year follow-up of eleven patients. Lancet 2: 85–91, 1985. 10.1016/S0140-6736(85)90189-8 CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 7 Streissguth AP, Aase JM, Clarren SK, Randels SP, LaDue RA, Smith DF: Fetal alcohol syndrome in adolescents and adults. JAMA 265: 1961–1967, 1991. 10.1001/jama.1991.03460150065025 CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 8 Streissguth AP: The behavioral teratology of alcohol: Performance, behavioral, and intellectual deficits in prenatally exposed children, in JR West (ed): Alcohol and Brain Development. New York , Oxford, 1986, pp 3–44. Google Scholar 9 Abel EL, Sokol RJ: Incidence of fetal alcohol syndrome and economic impact of FAS-related anomalies. Drug Alcohol Depend 19: 51–70, 1987. 10.1016/0376-8716(87)90087-1 CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 10 Meyer LS, Riley EP: Behavioral teratology of alcohol, in EP Riley, CV Vorhees (eds): Handbook of Behavioral Teratology. New York , Plenum Press, 1986, pp 101–140. 10.1007/978-1-4613-2189-7_5 Google Scholar 11 Palmer RH, Ouellette EM, Warner L, Leichtman SR: Congenital malformations in offspring of a chronic alcoholic mother. Pediatrics 53: 490–494, 1974. CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 12 Root AW, Reiter EO, Andriola M, Duckett G: Hypothalamic-pituitary function in the fetal alcohol syndrome. J Pediatr 87: 585–588, 1975. 10.1016/S0022-3476(75)80830-4 CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 13 Kousseff B: KK–A possible new syndrome. Birth Defects 11: 459–463, 1975. CASPubMedGoogle Scholar 14 Majewski F, Bierich J, Loeser H, Michaelis R, Leiber B, Bettecken F: Zur Klinik und pathogenese der alkohol-embryopathie. Bericht uber 68 falle [Diagnosis and pathogenesis of alcohol embryopathy: Report of 68 cases], Munchener Medizinische Wochenschrift 118: 1635–1642, 1976. CASPubMedGoogle Scholar 15 Majewski F, Majewski B: Alcohol embryopathy: Symptoms, auxological data, frequency among the offspring and pathogenesis, in K Kuriyama, A Takada, H Ishii (eds): Biomedical and Social Aspects of Alcohol and Alcoholism. Elsevier Science Publishers, 1988, pp 837–844. Web of Science®Google Scholar 16 Char F: Fetal alcohol syndrome with Noonan phenotype. Birth Defects 12: 81–82, 1976. Google Scholar 17 Ballesta F, Cruz M: Sindrome alcoholico fetal y alteraciones cromosomicas [Fetal alcohol syndrome and chromosome aberrations]. Arch Pediatr 29: 435–443, 1978. Google Scholar 18 Qazi QH, Madahar C, Masakawa A, McGann B: Chromosome abnormality in a patient with fetal alcohol syndrome, in M Galanter (ed): Currents in Alcoholism, vol 5. New York , Grune & Stratton, 1979, pp 155–161. Google Scholar 19 Slavney PR, Grau JG: Fetal alcohol damage and schizophrenia. J Clin Psychiatry 39: 782–783, 1978. CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 20 Neidengard L, Carter TE. Smith DW: Klippel-Feil malformation complex in fetal alcohol syndrome. Am J Dis Children 132: 929–930, 1978. CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 21 Qazi Q, Masakawa A, Milman D, McGann B, Chua A, Haller J: Renal anomalies in fetal alcohol syndrome. Pediatrics 63: 886–889, 1979. CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 22 Abel EL: Fetal Alcohol Syndrome. New Jersey , Medical Economics Company, Inc., 1990. Google Scholar 23 Ticha R, Santavy J, Matlocha Z: Fetal alcohol syndrome: Amino acid pattern. Acta Paediatr Hungar 24: 143–148, 1983. CASGoogle Scholar 24 Aronson M, Olegård R: Fetal alcohol effects in pediatrics and child psychology, in U Rydberg (ed): Alcohol and the Developing Brain. New York , Raven Press, 1985, pp 135–145. Google Scholar 25 Streissguth AP, Rohsenow DJ: Intellectual development in offspring of chronic alcoholic mothers and matched controls. Paper presented at the Western Psychological Association, San Francisco , 1974. Google Scholar 26 Streissguth AP, Herman CS, Smith DW: Intelligence, behavior, and dysmorphogenesis in the fetal alcohol syndrome: A report on 20 patients. J Pediatr 92: 363–367, 1978. 10.1016/S0022-3476(78)80420-X CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 27 Majewski F: Über schädigende einflüsse des alkohols auf die nachkommen [The damaging effects of alcohol on offspring]. Der Nervenarzt 49: 410–416, 1978. CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 28 Majewski F: Unterzuchungen zur alkohol-embryopathie [Studies on alcohol embryopathy]. Fortschritte der Medizin 96: 2207–2213, 1978. CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 29 Olegård R, Sabel K-G, Aronsson M, Sandin B, Johansson PR, Carlsson C, Kyllerman M, Iversen K, Hrbek A: Effects on the child of alcohol abuse during pregnancy. Acta Pædiatr Scand 275: 112–121, 1979. 10.1111/j.1651-2227.1979.tb06170.x PubMedGoogle Scholar 30 Shaywitz SE, Cohen DJ, Shaywitz BA: Behavioral learning difficulties in children of normal intelligence born to alcoholic mothers. J Pediatr 96: 978–982, 1980. 10.1016/S0022-3476(80)80621-4 PubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 31 Iosub S, Fuchs M, Bingol N, Gromisch DS: Fetal alcohol syndrome revisited. Pediatrics 68: 475–479, 1981. 10.1542/peds.68.4.475 CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 32 Aronson M, Kyllerman M, Sabel K-G, Sandin B, Olegård R: Children of alcoholic mothers: Developmental, perceptual, and behavioural characteristics as compared to matched controls. Acta Pædiatr Scand 74: 27–35, 1985. 10.1111/j.1651-2227.1985.tb10916.x CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 33 Mattson SN, Riley EP, Gramling L, Delis DC, Jones KL: Heavy prenatal alcohol exposure with or without physical features of fetal alcohol syndrome leads to IQ deficits. J Pediatr 131: 718–721, 1997. 10.1016/S0022-3476(97)70099-4 CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 34 Streissguth AP, Randels SP, Smith DF: A test-retest study of intelligence in patients with fetal alcohol syndrome: Implications for care. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 30: 584–587, 1991. 10.1097/00004583-199107000-00009 CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 35 Streissguth AP, Barr HM, Sampson PD, Bookstein FL: Prenatal alcohol and offspring development: The first fourteen years. Drug Alcohol Depend 36: 89–99, 1994. 10.1016/0376-8716(94)90090-6 CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 36 Golden NL, Sokol RJ, Kuhnert BR, Bottoms S: Maternal alcohol use and infant development. Pediatrics 70: 931–934, 1982. PubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 37 Ioffe S, Chernick V: Prediction of subsequent motor and mental retardation in newborn infants exposed to alcohol in utero by computerized EEG analysis. Neuropediatrics 21: 11–17, 1990. 10.1055/s-2008-1071450 CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 38 Autti-Rämö I, Korkman K, Hilakivi-Clarke L, Lehtonen M, Halmesmäki E, Granström M-L: Mental development of 2-year-old children exposed to alcohol in utero. J Pediatr 120: 740–746, 1992. 10.1016/S0022-3476(05)80237-9 CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 39 Streissguth AP, Barr HM, Martin DC, Herman CS: Effects of maternal alcohol, nicotine, and caffeine use during pregnancy on infant mental and motor development at eight months. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 4: 152–164, 1980. 10.1111/j.1530-0277.1980.tb05630.x CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 40 O'Connor MJ, Brill NJ, Sigman M: Alcohol use in primiparous women older than 30 years of age: Relation to infant development. Pediatrics 78: 444–450, 1986. CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 41 Fried PA, Watkinson B: 12- and 24-month neurobehavioural follow-up of children prenatally exposed to marihuana, cigarettes and alcohol. Neurotoxicol Teratol 10: 305–313, 1988. 10.1016/0892-0362(88)90032-3 CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 42 Coles CD, Brown RT, Smith IE, Platzman KA, Erickson S, Falek A: Effects of prenatal alcohol exposure at school age. I. Physical and cognitive development. Neurotoxicol Teratol 13: 357–367, 1991. 10.1016/0892-0362(91)90084-A CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 43 Streissguth AP, Barr HM, Sampson PD, Darby BL, Martin DC: IQ at age 4 in relation to maternal alcohol use and smoking during pregnancy. Dev Psychol 25: 3–11, 1989. 10.1037/0012-1649.25.1.3 Web of Science®Google Scholar 44 Streissguth AP, Barr HM, Sampson PD: Moderate prenatal alcohol exposure: Effects on child IQ and learning problems at age 7½ years. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 14: 662–669, 1990. 10.1111/j.1530-0277.1990.tb01224.x CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 45 Goodlett CR, Lundahl KR: Temporal determinants of neonatal alcohol-induced cerebellar damage and motor performance deficits. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 55: 531–540, 1996. 10.1016/S0091-3057(96)00248-1 CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 46 Thomas JD, Wasserman EA, West JR, Goodlett CR: Behavioral deficits induced by bingelike exposure to alcohol in neonatal rats: Importance of developmental timing and number of episodes. Dev Psychobiol 29: 433–452, 1996. 10.1002/(SICI)1098-2302(199607)29:5 3.0.CO;2-P CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 47 Clarren SK, Astley SJ, Gunderson VM, Spellman D: Cognitive and behavioral deficits in nonhuman primates associated with very early embryonic binge exposures to ethanol. J Pediatr 121: 789–796, 1992. 10.1016/S0022-3476(05)81917-1 CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 48 Goldschmidt L, Richardson GA, Stoffer DS, Geva D, Day NL: Prenatal alcohol exposure and academic achievement at age six: A nonlinear fit. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 20: 763–770, 1996. 10.1111/j.1530-0277.1996.tb01684.x CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 49 Forrest F, Florey, C du V, Taylor D, McPherson F, Young JA: Reported social alcohol consumption during pregnancy and infants' development at 18 months. Br Med J 303: 22–26, 1991. 10.1136/bmj.303.6793.22 CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 50 Fried PA, Watkinson B: 36- and 48-month neurobehavioral follow-up of children prenatally exposed to marijuana, cigarettes, and alcohol. J Dev Behav Pediatr 11: 49–58, 1990. 10.1097/00004703-199004000-00003 CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 51 Fried PA, O'Connell CM, Watkinson B: 60- and 72-month follow-up of children prenatally exposed to marijuana, cigarettes, and alcohol: Cognitive and language assessment. J Dev Behav Pediatr 13: 383–391, 1992. 10.1097/00004703-199212000-00001 CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 52 Greene T, Ernhart CB, Ager J, Sokol R, Martier S, Boyd T: Prenatal alcohol exposure and cognitive development in the preschool years. Neurotoxicol Teratol 13: 57–68, 1991. 10.1016/0892-0362(91)90028-U CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 53 Streissguth AP, Dehaene P: Fetal alcohol syndrome in twins of alcoholic mothers: Concordance of diagnosis and IQ. Am J Med Genet 47: 857–861, 1993. 10.1002/ajmg.1320470612 CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 54 Streissguth AP, Herman CS, Smith DW: Stability of intelligence in the fetal alcohol syndrome: A preliminary report. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2: 165–170, 1978. 10.1111/j.1530-0277.1978.tb04717.x CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 55 Van Biervliet JP: The foetal alcohol syndrome. Acta Paediatr Belg 30: 113–116, 1977. PubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 56 Iosub S, Fuchs M, Bingol N, Stone RK, Gromisch DS: Long-term follow-up of three siblings with fetal alcohol syndrome. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 5: 523–527, 1981. 10.1111/j.1530-0277.1981.tb05353.x CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 57 Steinhausen H-C, Göbel D, Nestler V: Psychopathology in the offspring of alcoholic parents. J Am Acad Child Psychiatry 23: 465–471, 1984. 10.1016/S0002-7138(09)60326-5 CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 58 Spohr H-L, Steinhausen H-C: Clinical, psychopathological and developmental aspects in children with the fetal alcohol syndrome: A four-year follow-up study, in Ciba Foundation Symposium: Mechanisms of Alcohol Damage In Utero. London , Pitman, 1984, pp 197–211. Web of Science®Google Scholar 59 Steinhausen H-C, Willms J, Spohr H-L: Long-term psychopathological and cognitive outcome of children with fetal alcohol syndrome. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 32: 990–994, 1993. 10.1097/00004583-199309000-00016 CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 60 Don A, Rourke BP: Fetal alcohol syndrome, in BP Rourke (ed): Syndrome of Nonverbal Learning Disabilities: Neurodevelopmental Manifestations. New York , Guilford Press, 1995, pp 372–406. Google Scholar 61 LaDue RA, Streissguth AP, Randels SP: Clinical considerations pertaining to adolescents and adults with fetal alcohol syndrome, in TB Sonderegger (ed): Perinatal Substance Abuse: Research Findings and Clinical Implications. Baltimore , Johns Hopkins Press, 1992, pp 104–131. Google Scholar 62 Usowicz AG, Golabi M, Curry C: Upper airway obstruction in infants with fetal alcohol syndrome. Am J Dis Children 140: 1039–1041, 1986. CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 63 Mattson SN, Riley EP, Jernigan TL, Ehlers CL, Delis DC, Jones KL, Stern C, Johnson KA, Hesselink JR, Bellugi U: Fetal alcohol syndrome: A case report of neuropsychological, MRI, and EEG assessment of two children. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 16: 1001–1003, 1992. 10.1111/j.1530-0277.1992.tb01909.x CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 64 Naselli A, De Toni T, Vignolo M, Di Battista E, Aicardi G: Auxological findings and endocrine function in a case of fetal alcohol syndrome. Acta Med Auxolog 14: 23–30, 1982. Google Scholar 65 Harris SR, MacKay LLJ, Osborn JA: Autistic behaviors in offspring of mothers abusing alcohol and other drugs: A series of case reports. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 19: 660–665, 1995. 10.1111/j.1530-0277.1995.tb01564.x CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 66 Coles CD, Smith IE, Falek A: Prenatal alcohol exposure and infant behavior: Immediate effects and implications for later development. Adv Alcohol Subst Abuse 6: 87–104, 1987. 10.1300/J251v06n04_07 CASPubMedGoogle Scholar 67 Russell M, Czarnecki DM, Cowan R, McPherson E, Mudar PJ: Measures of maternal alcohol use as predictors of development in early childhood. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 15: 991–1000, 1991. 10.1111/j.1530-0277.1991.tb05200.x CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 68 Janzen LA, Nanson JL, Block GW: Neuropsychological evaluation of preschoolers with fetal alcohol syndrome. Neurotoxicol Teratol 17: 273–279, 1995. 10.1016/0892-0362(94)00063-J CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 69 Larroque B, Kaminski M, Dehaene P, Subtil D, Delfosse M-J, Querleu D: Moderate prenatal alcohol exposure and psychomotor development at preschool age. Am J Public Health 85: 1654–1661, 1995. 10.2105/AJPH.85.12.1654 CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 70 Gusella JL, Fried PA: Effects of maternal social drinking and smoking on offspring at 13 months. Neurobehav Toxicol Teratol 6: 13–17, 1984. CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 71 Conry J: Neuropsychological deficits in fetal alcohol syndrome and fetal alcohol effects. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 14: 650–655, 1990. 10.1111/j.1530-0277.1990.tb01222.x CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 72 Jacobson JL, Jacobson SW, Sokol RJ, Martier SS, Ager JW, Kaplan-Estrin MG: Teratogenic effects of alcohol on infant development. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 17: 174–183, 1993. 10.1111/j.1530-0277.1993.tb00744.x CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 73 Landesman-Dwyer S, Ragozin AS, Little RE: Behavioral correlates of prenatal alcohol exposure: A four-year follow-up study. Neurobehav Toxicol Teratol 3: 187–193, 1981. CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 74 Hanson JW, Jones KL, Smith DW: Fetal alcohol syndrome: Experience with 41 patients. JAMA 235: 1458–1460, 1976. PubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 75 Bond NW, DiGiusto EL: Avoidance conditioning and Hebb-Williams maze performance in rats treated prenatally with alcohol. Psychopharmacology 58: 69–71, 1978. 10.1007/BF00426792 CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 76 Ulug S, Riley EP: The effect of methylphenidate on overactivity in rats prenatally exposed to alcohol. Neurobehav Toxicol Teratol 5: 35–39, 1983. CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 77 Bond NW: Prenatal alcohol exposure in rodents: A review of its effects on offspring activity and learning ability. Austral J Psychol 33: 331–344, 1981. 10.1080/00049538108254702 Web of Science®Google Scholar 78 Bond NW: Behavioural teratology: Fetal alcohol exposure and hyperactivity, in NW Bond (ed): Animal Models in Psychopathology. Sydney , Academic Press, 1984, pp 279–311. Google Scholar 79 Landesman-Dwyer S, Keller LS, Streissguth AP: Naturalistic observations of newborns: Effects of maternal alcohol intake. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2: 171–177, 1978. 10.1111/j.1530-0277.1978.tb04718.x PubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 80 Nanson JL, Hiscock M: Attention deficits in children exposed to alcohol prenatally. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 14: 656–661, 1990. 10.1111/j.1530-0277.1990.tb01223.x PubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 81 Carmichael Olson H, Feldman JJ, Streissguth AP, Gonzalez RD: Neuropsychological deficits and life adjustment in adolescents and adults with fetal alcohol syndrome. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 16: 380, 1992. Google Scholar 82 Coles CD, Platzman KA, Raskind-Hood CL, Brown RT, Falek A, Smith IE: A comparison of children affected by prenatal alcohol exposure and attention deficit, hyperactivity disorder. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 21: 150–161, 1997. 10.1111/j.1530-0277.1997.tb03743.x CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 83 Streissguth AP, Martin DC, Barr HM, Sandman BM, Kirchner GL, Darby BL: Intrauterine alcohol and nicotine exposure: Attention and reaction time in 4-year old children. Dev Psychol 20: 533–541, 1984. 10.1037/0012-1649.20.4.533 Web of Science®Google Scholar 84 Streissguth AP, Barr HM, Sampson PD, Parrish-Johnson JC, Kirchner GL, Martin DC: Attention, distraction and reaction time at age 7 years and prenatal alcohol exposure. Neurobehav Toxicol Teratol 8: 717–725, 1986. CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 85 Carmichael Olson H, Sampson PD, Barr H, Streissguth AP, Bookstein FL: Prenatal exposure to alcohol and school problems in late childhood: A longitudinal prospective study. Dev Psychopathol 4: 341–359, 1992. 10.1017/S0954579400000821 Web of Science®Google Scholar 86 Streissguth AP, Sampson PD, Carmichael Olson H, Bookstein FL. Barr HM, Scott M, Feldman J, Mirsky AF: Maternal drinking during pregnancy: Attention and short-term memory in 14-year old offspring–A longitudinal prospective study. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 18: 202–218, 1994. 10.1111/j.1530-0277.1994.tb00904.x CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 87 Streissguth AP, Barr HM, Carmichael Olson H, Sampson PD. Bookstein FL, Burgess DM: Drinking during pregnancy decreases word attack and arithmetic scores on standardized tests: Adolescent data from a population-based prospective study. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 18: 248–254. 1994. 10.1111/j.1530-0277.1994.tb00009.x CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 88 Sattler JM: Assessment of Children. San Diego , Jerome M. Sattler, 1992. Google Scholar 89 Brown RT, Coles CD, Smith IE. Platzman KA, Silverstein J. Erickson S, Falek A: Effects of prenatal alcohol exposure at school age. II. Attention and behavior. Neurotoxicol Teratol 13: 369–376, 1991. 10.1016/0892-0362(91)90085-B CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 90 Fried PA, Watkinson B, Gray R: A follow-up study of attentional behavior in 6-year-old children exposed prenatally to marihuana, cigarettes, and alcohol. Neurotoxicol Teratol 14: 299–311, 1992. 10.1016/0892-0362(92)90036-A CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 91 Boyd TA, Ernhart CB, Greene TH, Sokol RJ, Martier S: Prenatal alcohol exposure and sustained attention in the preschool years. Neurotoxicol Teratol 13: 49–55, 1991. 10.1016/0892-0362(91)90027-T CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 92 Martin J, Martin DC, Lund CA, Streissguth AP: Maternal alcohol ingestion and cigarette smoking and their effects on newborn conditioning. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 1: 243–247, 1977. 10.1111/j.1530-0277.1977.tb05879.x CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 93 Streissguth AP, Barr HM, Martin DC: Maternal alcohol use and neonatal habituation assessed with the Brazelton scale. Child Dev 54: 1109–1118, 1983. 10.2307/1129667 PubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 94 Mattson SN, Riley EP, Delis DC, Stern C, Jones KL: Verbal learning and memory in children with fetal alcohol syndrome. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 20: 810–816, 1996. 10.1111/j.1530-0277.1996.tb05256.x CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 95 Don A, Kerns K, Mateer CA, Streissguth AP: Cognitive deficits in normal IQ and borderline IQ adults with fetal alcohol syndrome. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 17: 458, 1993. Google Scholar 96 Gray JK, Streissguth AP: Memory deficits and life adjustment in adults with fetal alcohol syndrome: A case control study. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 14: 294, 1990. Google Scholar 97 Streissguth AP, Bookstein FL, Sampson PD, Barr HM: Neurobehavioral effects of prenatal alcohol. Part III. PLS analyses of neuropsychologic tests. Neurotoxicol Teratol 11: 493–507, 1989. 10.1016/0892-0362(89)90026-3 CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 98 Uecker A, Nadel L: Spatial locations gone awry: Object and spatial memory deficits in children with fetal alcohol syndrome. Neuropsychologia 34: 209–223, 1996. 10.1016/0028-3932(95)00096-8 CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 99 Kodituwakku PW, Handmaker NS, Cutler SK, Weathersby EK, Handmaker SD: Specific impairments in self-regulation in children exposed to alcohol prenatally. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 19: 1558–1564, 1995. 10.1111/j.1530-0277.1995.tb01024.x CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 100 Jacobson SW, Jacobson JL, Sokol RJ, Martier SS, Ager JW: Prenatal alcohol exposure and infant information processing ability. Child Dev 64: 1706–1721, 1993. 10.1111/j.1467-8624.1993.tb04208.x CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 101 Riley EP, Lochry EA, Shapiro NR: Lack of response inhibition in rats prenatally exposed to alcohol. Psychopharmacology 62: 47–52, 1979. 10.1007/BF00426034 CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 102 Anandam N, Stern JM: Alcohol in utero: Effects on preweanling appetitive learning. Neurobehav Toxicol 2: 199–205, 1980. CASWeb of Science®Google Scholar 103 Driscoll CD, Riley EP, Meyer LS: Delayed taste aversion learning in preweanling rats exposed to alcohol prenatally. Alcohol 2: 277–280, 1985. 10.1016/0741-8329(85)90059-X CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 104 Gianoulakis C: Rats exposed prenatally to alcohol exhibit impairment in spatial navigation test. Behav Brain Res 36: 217–228, 1990. 10.1016/0166-4328(90)90060-R CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 105 Reyes E, Wolfe J, Savage DD: The effects of prenatal alcohol exposure on radial arm maze performance in adult rats. Physiol Behav 46: 45–48, 1989. 10.1016/0031-9384(89)90319-3 CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 106 Lochry EA, Riley EP: Retention of passive avoidance and T-maze escape in rats exposed to alcohol prenatally. Neurobehav Toxicol 2: 107–115, 1980. CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 107 Hall JL, Church MW, Berman RF: Radial arm maze deficits in rats exposed to alcohol during midgestation. Psychobiology 22: 181–185, 1994. CASGoogle Scholar 108 Driscoll CD, Streissguth AP, Riley EP: Prenatal alcohol exposure: Comparability of effects in humans and animal models. Neurotoxicol Teratol 12: 231–237, 1990. 10.1016/0892-0362(90)90094-S CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 109 Becker HC, Randall CL, Salo AL, Saulnier JL, Weathersby RT: Animal research: Charting the course for FAS. Alcohol Health Res World 18: 10–16, 1994. Google Scholar 110 Tsukahara M, Kajii T: Severe skeletal dysplasias following intrauterine exposure to ethanol. Teratology 37: 79–80, 1988. 10.1002/tera.1420370112 CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 111 Marcus JC: Neurological findings in the fetal alcohol syndrome. Neuropediatrics 18: 158–160, 1987. 10.1055/s-2008-1052471 PubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 112 Korányi G, Csiky E: Az embryopathia alcoholica gyermekkorban észlelheto tuneteirol [Signs of alcohol embryopathy apparent in childhood], Orvosi Hetilap 119: 2923–2929, 1978. PubMedGoogle Scholar 113 Shaywitz SE, Caparulo BK, Hodgson ES: Developmental language disability as a consequence of prenatal exposure to ethanol. Pediatrics 68: 850–855, 1981. PubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 114 Tenbrinck MS, Buchin SY: Fetal alcohol syndrome: Report of a case. JAMA 232: 1144–1147, 1975. 10.1001/jama.232.11.1144 CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 115 Church MW, Gerkin KP: Hearing disorders in children with fetal alcohol syndrome: Findings from case reports. Pediatrics 82: 147–154, 1988. 10.1542/peds.82.2.147 CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 116 Collins E, Turner G: Six children affected by maternal alcoholism. Med J Austral 2: 606–608, 1978. 10.5694/j.1326-5377.1978.tb131776.x CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 117 Seeler RA, Israel JN, Royal JE, Kaye CI, Rao S, Abulaban M: Ganglioneuroblastoma and fetal hydantoin-alcohol syndromes. Pediatrics 63: 524–527, 1979. CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 118 Steinhausen H-C, Nestler V, Spohr H-L: Development and psychopathology of children with the fetal alcohol syndrome. J Dev Behav Pediatr 3: 49–54, 1982. 10.1097/00004703-198206000-00001 PubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 119 Mattson SN, Riley EP, Gramling L, Delis DC, Jones KL: Neuropsychological comparison of alcohol-exposed children with or without physical features of fetal alcohol syndrome. Neuropsychology 12: 146–153, 1998. 10.1037/0894-4105.12.1.146 CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 120 Becker M, Warr-Leeper GA, Leeper HA: Fetal alcohol syndrome: A description of oral motor, articulatory, short-term memory, grammatical, and semantic abilities. J Commun Disord 23: 97–124, 1990. 10.1016/0021-9924(90)90016-R CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 121 Carney LJ, Chermak GD: Performance of American Indian children with fetal alcohol syndrome on the test of language development. J Commun Disord 24: 123–134, 1991. 10.1016/0021-9924(91)90016-C CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 122 Mattson SN: The Role of the Basal Ganglia in the Behavioral Teratogenicity of Alcohol. San Diego , SDSU/UCSD Joint Doctoral Program in Clinical Psychology, 1994, pp 144. Google Scholar 123 Emhart CB, Greene T, Sokol RJ, Martier S, Boyd TA, Ager J: Neonatal diagnosis of fetal alcohol syndrome: Not necessarily a hopeless prognosis. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 19: 1550–1557, 1995. 10.1111/j.1530-0277.1995.tb01023.x PubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 124 Greene T, Ernhart CB, Martier S, Sokol R, Ager J: Prenatal alcohol exposure and language development. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 14: 937–945, 1990. 10.1111/j.1530-0277.1990.tb01842.x CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 125 Chandler LS, Richardson GA, Gallagher JD, Day NL: Prenatal exposure to alcohol and marijuana: Effects on motor development of preschool children. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 20: 455–461, 1996. 10.1111/j.1530-0277.1996.tb01075.x CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 126 Autti-Rämö I, Granström M-L: The psychomotor development during the first year of life of infants exposed to intrauterine alcohol of various duration. Neuropediatrics 22: 59–64, 1991. 10.1055/s-2008-1071418 CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 127 Kyllerman M, Aronson M, Sabel K-G, Karlberg E, Sandin B, Olegård R: Children of alcoholic mothers: Growth and motor performance compared to matched controls. Acta Paediatr Scand 74: 20–26, 1985. 10.1111/j.1651-2227.1985.tb10915.x CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 128 Barr HM, Streissguth AP, Darby BL, Sampson PD: Prenatal exposure to alcohol, caffeine, tobacco, and aspirin: Effects on fine and gross motor performance in 4-year-old children. Dev Psychol 26: 339–348, 1990. 10.1037/0012-1649.26.3.339 Web of Science®Google Scholar 129 Hannigan JH, Riley EP: Prenatal ethanol alters gait in rats. Alcohol 5: 451–454, 1989. 10.1016/0741-8329(88)90081-X Web of Science®Google Scholar 130 Lee MH, Haddad R, Rabe A: Developmental impairments in the progeny of rats consuming ethanol during pregnancy. Neurobehav Toxicol 2: 189–198, 1980. CASWeb of Science®Google Scholar 131 Meyer LS, Kotch LE, Riley EP: Neonatal ethanol exposure: Functional alterations associated with cerebellar growth retardation. Neurotoxicol Teratol 12: 15–22, 1990. 10.1016/0892-0362(90)90107-N CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 132 Aronson M, Olegård R: Children of alcoholic mothers. Pediatrician 14: 57–61, 1987. CASPubMedGoogle Scholar 133 Spreen O, Strauss E: A Compendium of Neuropsychological Tests. New York , Oxford University Press, 1991. Google Scholar 134 Mattson SN, Gramling L, Delis DC, Jones KL, Riley EP: Global-local processing in children prenatally exposed to alcohol. Child Neuropsychol 2: 165–175, 1996. 10.1080/09297049608402249 Web of Science®Google Scholar 135 Bihrle AM, Bellugi U, Delis D, Marks S: Seeing either the forest or the trees: Dissociation in visuospatial processing. Brain Cogn 11: 37–49, 1989. 10.1016/0278-2626(89)90003-1 CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 136 Delis DC, Massman PJ, Butters N, Salmon DP, Shear PK, Demadura T, Filoteo JV: Spatial cognition in Alzheimer's disease: Subtypes of global-local impairment. J Clin Exp Neuropsychol 14: 463–477, 1992. 10.1080/01688639208402838 CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 137 Mattson SN, Roebuck TM, Riley EP: Wisconsin card sorting performance in children prenatally exposed to alcohol. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 20: 74A, 1996. Google Scholar 138 Shallice T, Burgess P: Higher-order cognitive impairments and frontal lobe lesions in man, in HS Levin, HM Eisenberg, AL Benton (eds): Frontal Lobe Function and Dysfunction. New York , Oxford University Press, 1991, pp 125–138. Web of Science®Google Scholar 139 Mulvihill JJ, Klimas JT, Stokes DC, Risemberg HM: Fetal alcohol syndrome: Seven new cases. Am J Obstet Gynecol 125: 937–941, 1976. 10.1016/0002-9378(76)90492-0 PubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 140 Bierich JR, Majewski F, Michaelis R, Tillner I: Über das embryo-fetale alkoholsyndrom [On the embryofetal alcohol syndrome]. Eur J Pediatr 121: 155–177, 1976. 10.1007/BF00445480 CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 141 Ijaiya K, Schwenk A, Gladtke E: Fetales Alkoholsyndrom [Fetal alcohol syndrome]. Deutsche Medizinische Wochenschrift 101: 1563–1568, 1976. 10.1055/s-0028-1104303 CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 142 Fryns JP, Deroover J, Parloir C, Goffaux P, Lebas E, van den Berghe, H: The foetal alcohol syndrome. Acta Paediatr Belg 30: 117–121, 1977. CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 143 Dehaene P, Walbaum R, Titran M, Samaille-Villette C, Samaille P, Crepin G, Delahousse G, Decocq J, Delcroix M, Caquant F, Querleu D: La descendance des mères alcoliques chroniques: A propos de 16 cas ďalcoolisme foetal [The offspring of alcoholic mothers: A report of 16 cases of fetal alcohol syndrome]. Revue Francaise de Gynécologie et ďObstétrique 72: 491–498, 1977. Web of Science®Google Scholar 144 Møller J, Brandt NJ, Tygstrup I: Hepatic dysfunction in patient with fetal alcohol syndrome. Lancet 1: 605–606, 1979. 10.1016/S0140-6736(79)91026-2 Web of Science®Google Scholar 145 Mattson SN, Riley EP, Jernigan TL, Garcia A, Kaneko WM, Ehlers CL, Jones KL: A decrease in the size of the basal ganglia following prenatal alcohol exposure: A preliminary report. Neurotoxicol Teratol 16: 283–289, 1994. 10.1016/0892-0362(94)90050-7 CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 146 Dehaene P, Samaille-Villette C, Samaille P-P, Crépin G, Walbaum R, Deroubaix P, Blanc-Garin A-P: Le syndrome ďalcoolisme foetal dans le nord de la France [Fetal alcohol syndrome in the north of France]. Revue de ĽAlcoolisme 23: 145–158, 1977. Web of Science®Google Scholar 147 Majewski F: Alcohol embryopathy: Some facts and speculations about pathogenesis. Neurobehav Toxicol Teratol 3: 129–144, 1981. CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 148 O'Connor MJ, Sigman M, Kasari C: Interactional model for the association among maternal alcohol use, mother-infant interaction, and infant cognitive development. Infant Behav Dev 16: 177–192, 1993. 10.1016/0163-6383(93)80016-2 Web of Science®Google Scholar 149 Caruso K, ten Bensel R: Fetal alcohol syndrome and fetal alcohol effects. Minn Med 76: 25–29, 1993. CASPubMedGoogle Scholar 150 Spohr HL, Willms J, Steinhausen HC: The fetal alcohol syndrome in adolescence. Acta Pediatr 404: 19–26, 1994. 10.1111/j.1651-2227.1994.tb13379.x CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar Citing Literature Volume22, Issue2April 1998Pages 279-294 ReferencesRelatedInformation
Referência(s)