Drone Wars
2013; Taylor & Francis; Volume: 36; Issue: 3 Linguagem: Inglês
10.1080/0163660x.2013.825547
ISSN1530-9177
AutoresPeter Bergen, Jennifer Rowland,
Tópico(s)Terrorism, Counterterrorism, and Political Violence
ResumoClick to increase image sizeClick to decrease image size Notes 1. “Transcript: Obama Addresses Counterterrorism, Drones,” NPR, May 23, 2013, http://www.npr.org/2013/05/23/186305171/transcript-obama-addresses-counterterrorism-drones. 2. Jonathan Masters, “Targeted Killings,” Council on Foreign Relations, updated May 23, 2013, http://www.cfr.org/counterterrorism/targeted-killings/p9627. 3. New America Foundation, “Analysis: The Drone War in Pakistan,” last modified June 7, 2013, http://natsec.newamerica.net/drones/pakistan/analysis. Unless specifically cited, all numbers regarding drone strikes and casualty rates in Pakistan come from this database. 4. Salman Masood, “C.I.A. Leaves Base in Pakistan Used for Drone Strikes,” The New York Times, December 11, 2011, http://www.nytimes.com/2011/12/12/world/asia/cia-leaves-pakistan-base-used-for-drone-strikes.html?_r=1&adxnnl=1&adxnnlx=1346429026-IgsqFC2urQuAzdR9ZA2qJw. 5. Adam Entous, Siobhan Gorman, and Julian E. Barnes, “U.S. Tightens Drone Rules,” The Wall Street Journal, November 4, 2011, http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052970204621904577013982672973836.html. 6. Jane Perlez and Pir Zubair Shah, “Drones Batter Al Qaeda and Its Allies Inside Pakistan,” The New York Times, April 4, 2010, http://www.nytimes.com/2010/04/05/world/asia/05drones.html?_r=1. 7. “Drone strikes kill, maim, and traumatize too many civilians, U.S. study says,” CNN.com, September 25, 2012, http://www.cnn.com/2012/09/25/world/asia/pakistan-us-drone-strikes. 8. Eric Schmitt, “U.S. to Step Up Drone Strikes in Yemen,” The New York Times, April 25, 2012, http://www.nytimes.com/2012/04/26/world/middleeast/us-to-step-up-drone-strikes-inside-yemen.html. 9. Scott Shane and Eric Schmitt, “Qaeda Plot to Attack Plane Foiled, U.S. Officials Say,” New York Times, May 7, 2012, http://www.nytimes.com/2012/05/08/world/middleeast/us-says-terrorist-plot-to-attack-plane-foiled.html?_r=0. 10. Elizabeth Bumiller, “Panetta Says Defeat of Al Qaeda is ‘Within Reach,’” New York Times, July 9, 2011, http://www.nytimes.com/2011/07/10/world/asia/10military.html. 11. New America Foundation, “U.S. Covert War in Yemen,” last modified June 12, 2013, http://yemendrones.newamerica.net/. Unless specifically cited, all numbers regarding drone strikes and casualty rates in Yemen come from this database. 12. Jo Becker and Scott Shane, “Secret ‘Kill List’ Proves a Test of Obama's Principles and Will,” New York Times, May 29, 2012, http://www.nytimes.com/2012/05/29/world/obamas-leadership-in-war-on-al-qaeda.html?pagewanted=all. 13. 12. Jo Becker and Scott Shane, “Secret ‘Kill List’ Proves a Test of Obama's Principles and Will,” New York Times, May 29, 2012, http://www.nytimes.com/2012/05/29/world/obamas-leadership-in-war-on-al-qaeda.html?pagewanted=all. 14. Scott Shane, “C.I.A. is Disputed on Civilian Toll in Drone Strikes,” The New York Times, August 11, 2011, http://www.nytimes.com/2011/08/12/world/asia/12drones.html?pagewanted=all. 15. Becker and Shane, “Secret ‘Kill List’”. 16. New America Foundation, “Drone Wars Pakistan Methodology,” http://natsec.newamerica.net/drones/pakistan/methodology. 17. New America Foundation, “Drone Wars Pakistan Methodology,” http://natsec.newamerica.net/drones/pakistan/methodology. 18. The Bureau of Investigative Journalism, Covert War on Terror—The Datasets, “Obama 2013 Pakistan drone strikes,” updated June 7, 2013, http://www.thebureauinvestigates.com/2013/01/03/obama-2013-pakistan-drone-strikes/; Bill Roggio and Alexander Mayer, “Charting the data for US airstrikes in Pakistan, 2004–2013,” The Long War Journal, updated June 7, 2013, http://www.longwarjournal.org/pakistan-strikes.php. 19. Becker and Shane, “Secret ‘Kill List.’” 20. Kevin Dilanian, “Congress zooms in on drone killings,” The Los Angeles Times, June 25, 2012, http://www.latimes.com/news/nationworld/world/middleeast/la-na-drone-oversight-20120625,0,7967691,full.story. 21. Joby Warrick and Peter Finn, “Amid outrage over civilian deaths in Pakistan, CIA turns to smaller missiles,” The Washington Post, April 26, 2010, http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2010/04/25/AR2010042503114.html. 22. Zahir Shah Sherazi, “Most of those killed in drone attacks were terrorists: military,” Dawn, March 9, 2011, http://dawn.com/2011/03/09/most-of-those-killed-in-drone-attacks-were-terrorists-military/. 23. Dianne Feinstein, “Letters: Sen. Feinstein on drone strikes,” The Los Angeles Times, May 17, 2012, http://articles.latimes.com/2012/may/17/opinion/la-le-0517-thursday-feinstein-drones-20120517. 24. “US drones violate Pakistan's sovereignty, says UN,” Dawn, March 15, 2013, http://dawn.com/2013/03/15/us-drones-violate-pakistans-sovereignty-says-un/. 25. Robert Booth and Ian Black. “WikiLeaks cables: Yemen offered U.S. ‘open door,’” The Guardian. December 3, 2010, http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2010/dec/03/wikileaks-yemen-us-attack-al-qaida. 26. Greg Miller, “In interview, Yemeni president acknowledges approving U.S. drone strikes,” The Washington Post, September 29, 2012, http://articles.washingtonpost.com/2012-09-29/world/35497110_1_drone-strikes-drone-attacks-aqap. 27. Tim Lister and Paul Cruickshank, “Anwar al-Awlaki: al Qaeda's rock star no more,” CNN, September 30, 2011, http://www.cnn.com/2011/09/30/world/meast/analysis-anwar-al-awlaki/index.html. 28. Ahmed Al Haj, “Saeed Al Shiri: Top Al Qaeda Leader in Yemen Reportedly Killed,” The Huffington Post, January 24, 2013, http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/01/24/saeed-al-shihri-dead_n_2545067.html. 29. Mohammed Hasni, “'Dead' Qaeda leader Shehri delivers audio message: SITE,” Agence France Presse, April 10, 2013, http://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5gjF1vdbrmEO9wInvx_MY4fkfTIiQ?docId=CNG.c4eff9e2f2c1e3de9739407de5d03a48.51. 30. Peter Bergen, “Bin Laden's final days–big plans, deep fears,” CNN, March 19, 2012, http://articles.cnn.com/2012-03-16/opinion/opinion_bergen-bin-laden-final-writings_1_drone-strikes-year-bin-bin-laden?_s=PM:OPINION. 31. David Rohde, “A Drone Strike and Dwindling Hope,” in “Held by the Taliban: Part Four,” New York Times, October 20, 2009, http://www.nytimes.com/2009/10/21/world/asia/21hostage.html?pagewanted=all. 32. Jon Boone, “Taliban leader bans polio vaccinations in protest at drone strikes,” The Guardian, June 26, 2012, http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2012/jun/26/taliban-bans-polio-vaccinations. 33. Lorraine Adams and Ayesha Nasir, “Inside the mind of the Times Square bomber,” The Guardian, September 18, 2010, http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2010/sep/19/times-square-bomber. 34. Ernesto Londoño, “Drones cause ‘growing hatred of America,’ bipartisan Senate panel told,” The Washington Post, April 23, 2013, http://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/drones-cause-growing-hatred-of-america-bipartisan-senate-panel-told/2013/04/23/4863b1f8-ac6e-11e2-a8b9-2a63d75b5459_story.html. 35. Richard Leiby, “Pakistan calls for end to U.S. drone attacks,” The Washington Post, April 12, 2012, http://articles.washingtonpost.com/2012-04-12/world/35452351_1_drone-attacks-pakistani-army-pakistani-soldiers. 36. Jeff Stein, “CIA drones killed U.S. citizens in Pakistan, book says,” The Washington Post, September 22, 2010, http://voices.washingtonpost.com/spy-talk/2010/09/cia_drones_killed_us_citizens.html. 37. Nic Robertson and Chris Botelho, “Ex-Pakistani President Musharraf admits secret deal with U.S. on drone strikes.” CNN.com, April 12, 2013, http://www.cnn.com/2013/04/11/world/asia/pakistan-musharraf-drones. 38. Salman Mahsood and Declan Walsh, “Pakistan give U.S. a List of Demands, Including an End to C.I.A. Drone Strikes,” The New York Times, April 12, 2012, http://www.nytimes.com/2012/04/13/world/asia/pakistan-demands-an-end-to-cia-drone-strikes.html. 39. New America Foundation. “FATA: Inside Pakistan's Tribal Regions.” Last modified July 2010. http://pakistansurvey.org/. 40. “Pakistani Public Opinion Ever More Critical of U.S.,” Pew Research Global Attitudes Project, Pew Research Center, June 27, 2012, http://www.pewglobal.org/2012/06/27/pakistani-public-opinion-ever-more-critical-of-u-s/. 41. “U.S. must take Pakistan drone concerns seriously: Sharif,” The Express Tribune, http://tribune.com.pk/story/548651/us-must-take-pakistan-drone-concerns-seriously-sharif/; Sebastian Abbott, “Pakistan's Sharif wants good relations with U.S.,” Associated Press, May 13, 2013, http://hosted2.ap.org/APDEFAULT/cae69a7523db45408eeb2b3a98c0c9c5/Article_2013-05-13-Pakistan/id-dc03091ac179443baf49ef7093658e7b. 42. Pew Research Center for the People and the Press, “Continued Support for U.S. Drone Strikes; Civilian Casualties a Concern, Even Among Supporters,” Pew Research Center, February 11, 2013, http://www.people-press.org/2013/02/11/continued-support-for-u-s-drone-strikes/. 43. Rosa Brooks, “The War Professor,” Foreign Policy, May 23, 2013, http://www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2013/05/22/the_war_professor; The Editorial Board, “The Trouble with Drones,” New York Times, April 7, 2013, http://www.nytimes.com/2013/04/08/opinion/the-trouble-with-drones.html; “Rep. Lee Demands Administration's Full Response on Drones,” Press Release, Office of Congresswoman Barbara Lee, March 11, 2013, http://lee.house.gov/press-release/rep-lee-demands-administration%E2%80%99s-full-response-drones; Jennifer Epstein, “Code Pink Heckler Interrupts Obama Counterterror Speech,” Politico, May 23, 2013, http://www.politico.com/politico44/2013/05/code-pink-heckler-interrupts-obama-drone-speech-164687.html. 44. David Jackson, “Obama defends drone strikes,” USA Today, January 31, 2012, http://content.usatoday.com/communities/theoval/post/2012/01/obama-defends-drone-strikes/1. 45. Lesa Jansen, “Obama to release document on targeted killings to Congress,” CNN.com, February 7, 2013, http://www.cnn.com/2013/02/07/us/drones-classified-document/index.html. 46. “Lawmakers in both parties urge oversight of US drone program,” Associated Press via Fox News, February 10, 2013, http://www.foxnews.com/politics/2013/02/10/lawmakers-urge-oversight-us-drone-program/. 47. Tabassum Zakaria, “Nominee for CIA chief says casualties from drones should be public,” Reuters, February 15, 2013, http://www.reuters.com/article/2013/02/15/us-obama-nominations-brennan-drones-idUSBRE91E18N20130215. 48. “PRESS PASS: Leon Panetta,” NBC News, February 3, 2013, http://presspass.nbcnews.com/_news/2013/02/03/16819717-press-pass-leon-panetta?lite. 49. Ken Dilanian, “CIA's covert drone program may shift further onto Pentagon,” The Los Angeles Times. February 17, 2013, http://articles.latimes.com/2013/feb/17/nation/la-na-targeted-killing-20130217. 50. Greg Miller, Ellen Nakashima, and Karen DeYoung, “CIA drone strikes will get a pass in counterterrorism ‘playbook,’ officials say,” The Washington Post, January 19, 2013, http://articles.washingtonpost.com/2013-01-19/world/36474007_1_drone-strikes-cia-director-playbook. 51. Michael Isikoff, “Justice Department memo reveals legal case for drone strikes on Americans,” NBC News, February 4, 2013, http://openchannel.nbcnews.com/_news/2013/02/04/16843014-justice-department-memo-reveals-legal-case-for-drone-strikes-on-americans?lite. 52. Michael D. Shear and Scott Shane, “Congress to See Memo Backing Drone Attacks on Americans,” The New York Times, February 6, 2013, http://www.nytimes.com/2013/02/07/us/politics/obama-orders-release-of-drone-memos-to-lawmakers.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0. 53. “Corker: Updating 2001 AUMF necessary to address new and emerging terrorist threats,” online video, March 20, 2013, http://www.corker.senate.gov/public/index.cfm/2013/3/corker-updating-2001-aumf-necessary-to-address-new-and-emerging-terrorist-threats. 54. Peter Bergen and Jennifer Rowland, “A Dangerous New World of Drones,” New America Foundation, October 1, 2012, http://newamerica.net/node/72125. 55. Jane Perlez, “Chinese Plan to Kill Drug Lord With Drone Highlights Military Advances,” New York Times, February 20, 2013, http://www.nytimes.com/2013/02/21/world/asia/chinese-plan-to-use-drone-highlights-military-advances.html. 56. CNN Wire Staff, “Iran unveils long-range bombing drone,” CNN, August 22, 2010, http://www.cnn.com/2010/WORLD/meast/08/22/iran.drone.unveiled/index.html. 57. Waris Husain, “Little hope for compensation for drone attack victims,” Dawn, August 10, 2012, http://dawn.com/2012/08/10/little-hope-for-compensation-for-drone-attack-victims/. 58. Evan Perez, “Secret Court's Oversight Gets Scrutiny,” Wall Street Journal, June 9, 2013, http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424127887324904004578535670310514616.html. 59. Ben Emmerson, “Drone Wars: Counterterrorism and Human Rights,” address at the New America Foundation, March 15, 2013, http://newamerica.net/events/2013/drone_wars_human_rights. Additional informationNotes on contributorsPeter BergenPeter Bergen is the Director of the National Security Studies Program at the New America FoundationJennifer RowlandJennifer Rowland is a Program Associate
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