Climate Change, Hurricanes and Tropical Storms, and Rising Sea Level in Coastal Wetlands
1997; Wiley; Volume: 7; Issue: 3 Linguagem: Inglês
10.2307/2269434
ISSN1939-5582
AutoresWilliam K. Michener, Elizabeth R. Blood, Keith L. Bildstein, Mark M. Brinson, Leonard Robert Gardner,
Tópico(s)Coastal and Marine Dynamics
ResumoEcological ApplicationsVolume 7, Issue 3 p. 770-801 Feature CLIMATE CHANGE, HURRICANES AND TROPICAL STORMS, AND RISING SEA LEVEL IN COASTAL WETLANDS William K. Michener, William K. Michener Joseph W. Jones Ecological Research Center, Route 2, Box 2324, Newton, Georgia 31770 USA and School of Ecology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602 USASearch for more papers by this authorElizabeth R. Blood, Elizabeth R. Blood Joseph W. Jones Ecological Research Center, Route 2, Box 2324, Newton, Georgia 31770 USA and School of Ecology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602 USASearch for more papers by this authorKeith L. Bildstein, Keith L. Bildstein Hawk Mountain Sanctuary, RR 2, Box 191, Kempton, Pennsylvania 19529-9449 USASearch for more papers by this authorMark M. Brinson, Mark M. Brinson Department of Biology, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina 27858-4353 USASearch for more papers by this authorLeonard R. Gardner, Leonard R. Gardner Department of Geological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208 USASearch for more papers by this author William K. Michener, William K. Michener Joseph W. Jones Ecological Research Center, Route 2, Box 2324, Newton, Georgia 31770 USA and School of Ecology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602 USASearch for more papers by this authorElizabeth R. Blood, Elizabeth R. Blood Joseph W. Jones Ecological Research Center, Route 2, Box 2324, Newton, Georgia 31770 USA and School of Ecology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602 USASearch for more papers by this authorKeith L. Bildstein, Keith L. Bildstein Hawk Mountain Sanctuary, RR 2, Box 191, Kempton, Pennsylvania 19529-9449 USASearch for more papers by this authorMark M. Brinson, Mark M. Brinson Department of Biology, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina 27858-4353 USASearch for more papers by this authorLeonard R. Gardner, Leonard R. Gardner Department of Geological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208 USASearch for more papers by this author First published: 01 August 1997 https://doi.org/10.1890/1051-0761(1997)007[0770:CCHATS]2.0.CO;2Citations: 365Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onEmailFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat Abstract Global climate change is expected to affect temperature and precipitation patterns, oceanic and atmospheric circulation, rate of rising sea level, and the frequency, intensity, timing, and distribution of hurricanes and tropical storms. The magnitude of these projected physical changes and their subsequent impacts on coastal wetlands will vary regionally. Coastal wetlands in the southeastern United States have naturally evolved under a regime of rising sea level and specific patterns of hurricane frequency, intensity, and timing. A review of known ecological effects of tropical storms and hurricanes indicates that storm timing, frequency, and intensity can alter coastal wetland hydrology, geomorphology, biotic structure, energetics, and nutrient cycling. Research conducted to examine the impacts of Hurricane Hugo on colonial waterbirds highlights the importance of long-term studies for identifying complex interactions that may otherwise be dismissed as stochastic processes. Rising sea level and even modest changes in the frequency, intensity, timing, and distribution of tropical storms and hurricanes are expected to have substantial impacts on coastal wetland patterns and processes. Persistence of coastal wetlands will be determined by the interactions of climate and anthropogenic effects, especially how humans respond to rising sea level and how further human encroachment on coastal wetlands affects resource exploitation, pollution, and water use. Long-term changes in the frequency, intensity, timing, and distribution of hurricanes and tropical storms will likely affect biotic functions (e.g., community structure, natural selection, extinction rates, and biodiversity) as well as underlying processes such as nutrient cycling and primary and secondary productivity. Reliable predictions of global-change impacts on coastal wetlands will require better understanding of the linkages among terrestrial, aquatic, wetland, atmospheric, oceanic, and human components. Developing this comprehensive understanding of the ecological ramifications of global change will necessitate close coordination among scientists from multiple disciplines and a balanced mixture of appropriate scientific approaches. For example, insights may be gained through the careful design and implementation of broad-scale comparative studies that incorporate salient patterns and processes, including treatment of anthropogenic influences. Well-designed, broad-scale comparative studies could serve as the scientific framework for developing relevant and focused long-term ecological research, monitoring programs, experiments, and modeling studies. Two conceptual models of broad-scale comparative research for assessing ecological responses to climate change are presented: utilizing space-for-time substitution coupled with long-term studies to assess impacts of rising sea level and disturbance on coastal wetlands, and utilizing the moisture-continuum model for assessing the effects of global change and associated shifts in moisture regimes on wetland ecosystems. Increased understanding of climate change will require concerted scientific efforts aimed at facilitating interdisciplinary research, enhancing data and information management, and developing new funding strategies. Literature Cited American Society for Testing and Materials. 1993. Annual book of ASTM standards. 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