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SOURCES AND IMPACTS OF IRRIGATION DRAINWATER CONTAMINANTS IN ARID WETLANDS

1993; Wiley; Volume: 12; Issue: 12 Linguagem: Inglês

10.1897/1552-8618(1993)12[2265

1552-8618

A. Dennis Lemly, Susan Finger, Marcia K. Nelson,

Constructed Wetlands for Wastewater Treatment

Environmental Toxicology and ChemistryVolume 12, Issue 12 p. 2265-2279 Annual ReviewFree Access Sources and impacts of irrigation drainwater contaminants in arid wetlands A. Dennis Lemly, Corresponding Author A. Dennis Lemly U.S. Forest Service, Department of Fisheries and Wildlife Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061-0321U.S. Forest Service, Department of Fisheries and Wildlife Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061-0321Search for more papers by this authorSusan E. Finger, Susan E. Finger U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, National Fisheries Contaminant Research Center, Columbia, Missouri 65201Search for more papers by this authorMarcia K. Nelson, Marcia K. Nelson U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, National Fisheries Contaminant Research Center, Columbia, Missouri 65201Search for more papers by this author A. Dennis Lemly, Corresponding Author A. Dennis Lemly U.S. Forest Service, Department of Fisheries and Wildlife Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061-0321U.S. Forest Service, Department of Fisheries and Wildlife Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061-0321Search for more papers by this authorSusan E. Finger, Susan E. Finger U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, National Fisheries Contaminant Research Center, Columbia, Missouri 65201Search for more papers by this authorMarcia K. Nelson, Marcia K. Nelson U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, National Fisheries Contaminant Research Center, Columbia, Missouri 65201Search for more papers by this author First published: December 1993 https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.5620121209Citations: 72AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onEmailFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat Abstract Arid wetlands are being contaminated by subsurface agricultural irrigation drainage throughout the western United States. Historic freshwater inflows have been diverted for agricultural and municipal use, and remaining freshwater supplies are not sufficient to maintain the integrity of these important natural areas once they are degraded by irrigation drainwater. Waterfowl populations are threatened in the Pacific and Central Flyways; migratory birds have been poisoned by drainwater contaminants on at least six national wildlife refuges. Subsurface irrigation drainage is the most widespread and biologically important source of contaminants to wetlands in arid regions of the country. The case history of poisoning at Kesterson National Wildlife Refuge in California and studies at other locations by the U.S. Department of the Interior provide detailed information on the toxicity of drainwater contaminants to fish and wildlife. Biogeochemical conditions favorable for the production of toxic drainage are found throughout the western states. Two actions seem necessary to prevent further drainage-related degradation of arid wetlands. First is a reduction in the amount of contaminants reaching these wetlands, possibly involving regulatory intervention through the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System permit process. Second, a better balance must be achieved in the way fresh water is allocated between agriculture and wildlife. Federally subsidized water has supported agriculture at the expense of wetlands for nearly 100 years in the western United States. This trend must be reversed if arid wetlands and their fish and wildlife populations are to survive. References 1 Hunt, C.B. 1967. Physiography of the United States. W. H. Freeman, San Francisco, CA. Google Scholar 2 C. Hodge and P.C. Duisberg, eds. 1963. Aridity and Man: The Challenge of the Arid Lands in the United States. Publication 74. American Association for the Advancement of Science, Washington, DC. Google Scholar 3 Morgan, D.S. 1982. 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