Rethinking Culture and Personality Theory Part I: A Critical Examination of Two Classical Postulates
1979; Wiley; Volume: 7; Issue: 3 Linguagem: Inglês
10.1525/eth.1979.7.3.02a00040
ISSN1548-1352
Autores Tópico(s)Cultural Differences and Values
ResumoEthosVolume 7, Issue 3 p. 255-278 Rethinking Culture and Personality Theory Part I: A Critical Examination of Two Classical Postulates Richard A. Shweder, Richard A. Shweder Richard A. Shweder is an Assistant Professor and is on the Committee on Human Development at the University of ChicagoSearch for more papers by this author Richard A. Shweder, Richard A. Shweder Richard A. Shweder is an Assistant Professor and is on the Committee on Human Development at the University of ChicagoSearch for more papers by this author First published: Fall 1979 https://doi.org/10.1525/eth.1979.7.3.02a00040Citations: 63 In preparing this essay I have benefited from the comments of a number of scholars on an earlier version entitled "Culture and Personality Theory: Is It Fit For Survival?" These scholars are Donald W. Fiske, J. David Greenstone, Robert A. LeVine, Ruth H. Munroe, Melford E. Spiro, Thomas S. Weisner and John W. M. Whiting. I wish to note that this expression of appreciation in no way implicates them in my particular approach to explanation and understanding in the social sciences The present essay develops themes discussed in a series of presentations at American Anthropological Association Meetings: "Neo-Tylorian Remarks on the Potentials of Psychological Anthropology" (Symosium on "Psychological Anthropology: A Perennial Frontier?" 76th Annual Meeting, November 29-December 3, 1977 in Houston, Texas), "Rethinking Culture and Personality Theory" (Symposium on "Psychoanalysis and Anthropology," 75th Annual Meeting, November 17–21, 1976 in Washington, D.C.), and "Attributional Illusions in Psychological Theory" (Symposium on "Comparative Field Studies in Child Socialization," 73rd Annual Meeting, November 19–24, 1974 in Mexico City, Mexico). I gratefully acknowledge the financial support of the Spencer Foundation. AboutPDF ToolsExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onEmailFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat REFERENCES Argyle, M. and B. R. Little 1972. Do Personality Traits Apply To Social Behavior Journal for the Theory of Social Behavior 2: 1–35. Ayres, B. 1967. Pregnancy Magic: A Study of Food Taboos and Sex Avoidances, Cross-Cultural Approaches ( C. S. Ford, ed.), pp. 111–125. HRAF. Barry, H., L. Josephson, E. Lauer, and C. Marshall 1977. Agents and Techniques for Child Training: Cross-Cultural Codes. Ethnology 16: 191–230. Barry, H. and L. M. Paxson 1971. Infancy and Early Childhood: Cross-Cultural Codes. Ethnology 10: 466–508. Bem, D. 1972a. Constructing Cross-Situational Consistencies in Behavior: Some Thoughts on Alker's Critique of Mischel. Journal of Personality 40: 17–26. Bem, D. 1972b. Self-Perception Theory, Advances in Experimental Social Psychology ( L. Berkowitz, ed.), Vol. 6. pp. 2–62. Academic Press. Bem, D. 1974. On Predicting Some of the People Some of the Time. Psychological Review 81: 506–520. Benedict, R. 1934. Patterns of Culture. Houghton Mifflin. Benedict, R. 1946. The Chrysanthemum and the Sword. Houghton Mifflin. Block, J. 1965. The Challenge of Response Sets. Appleton-Century-Crofts. Brown, R. 1965. Social Psychology. Free Press. Burton, R. 1970. Validity of Retrospective Reports Assessed by the Multitrait-Multimethod Analysis. Developmental Psychology 3: 1–15. Burwen, L. S. and D. T. Campbell 1957. The Generality of Attitudes Towards Authority and Nonauthority Figures. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology 54: 24–31. Campbell, D. T. and D. W. Fiske 1959. Convergent and Discriminant Validation by the Multitrait-Multimethod Matrix. Psychological Bulletin 56: 81–105. Cancian, F. 1975. What Are Norms? Cambridge University Press. Cattell, R. B. 1957. Personality and Motivation Structure and Measurement. World Book. Caudill, W. A. and C. Schooler 1973. Child Behavior and Child Rearing in Japan and the United States: An Interim Report. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease 157: 323–338. Chess, S., A. Thomas, and H. Birch 1959. Characteristics of the Individual Child's Behavioral Responses to the Environment. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry 29: 791–802. Costanzo, R. 1974. A Reanalysis of the Whiting and Child Data Using the Multitrait-Multimethod Matrix. Committee on Human Development, University of Chicago (unpublished manuscript). D'Andrade, R. 1965. Trait Psychology and Componential Analysis. American Anthropologist 67: 215–228. D'Andrade, R. 1973. Cultural Constructions of Reality, Cultural Illness and Health ( L. Nader and T. W. Maretzki, eds.), pp. 115–127. American Anthropological Association. D'Andrade, R. 1974. Memory and the Assessment of Behavior, Measurement in the Social Sciences ( T. Blalock, ed.), pp. 159–186. Aldine-Atherton. Ebbesen, E. B. and R. B. Allen 1977. Further Evidence Concerning Fiske's Question: "Can Personality Constructs Ever Be Validated?" (unpublished manuscript, Department of Psychology, University of California, San Diego). Edgerton, R. B. 1971. The Individual in Cultural Adaptation. University of California Press. Endler, N. S. and J. McV. Hunt 1966. Sources of Behavioral Variance as Measured by the S-R Inventory of Anxiousness. Psychological Bulletin 65: 336–346. Endler, N. S. and J. McV. Hunt 1969. Generalizability of Contributions from Sources of Variance in the S-R Inventories of Anxiousness. Journal of Personality 37: 1–24. Erikson, E. 1950. Childhood and Society. W. W. Norton and Co. Escalona, S. and G. M. Heider 1959. Prediction and Outcome. Basic Books. Fiske, D. W. 1974. The Limits for the Conventional Science of Personality. Journal of Personality 42: 1–11. Fiske, D. W. 1978. Strategies for Personality Research. Jossey-Bass. Geertz, C. 1973. The Interpretation of Cultures. Basic Books. Gorer, G. 1943. Themes in Japanese Culture, Transactions of the New York Academy of Science 5: 106–124. Gorer, G. 1955. Themes in Japanese Culture, Childhood in Contemporary Cultures ( M. Mead and M. Wolfenstein, eds.), pp. 31–33. University of Chicago Press. Hunt, J. McV. 1965. Traditional Personality Theory in the Light of Recent Evidence. American Scientist 53: 80–96. Inkeles, A., E. Hanfmann, and H. Beier 1958. Modal Personality and Adjustment to the Soviet Socio-Political System. Human Relations 11: 3–22. Kagan, J. 1976. Resilience in Cognitive Development, Socialization as Cultural Communication ( Theodore Schwartz, ed.), pp. 139–155. University of California Press. Kagan, J. and R. E. Klein 1973. Cross-Cultural Perspectives on Early Development. American Psychologist 28: 947–961. Kardiner, A. 1945. Psychological Frontiers of Society. Columbia University Press. LeVine, R. A. 1973. Culture, Behavior, and Personality. Aldine. Levy, R. 1973. Tahitians: Mind and Experience in the Society Islands. University of Chicago Press. Longabaugh, R. 1966. An Analysis of the Cross-Cultural Study of Children's Social Behavior. The Structure of Interpersonal Behavior: A Cross-Cultural Analysis. Final Report: Research Project No. s-106, Cornell University. Lorr, M. and D. M. McNair 1963. An Interpersonal Behavior Circle. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology 67: 68–75. Mischel, W. 1968. Personality and Assessment. Wiley. Mischel, W. 1971. The Construction of Personality: Some Facts and Fantasies about Cognition and Social Behavior. Address of the Chairman, Section III (Development of Clinical Psychology as an Experimental-Behavioral Science), Division 12. American Psychological Association, Washington, D.C. Mischel, W. 1973. Towards a Cognitive Social Learning Reconceptualization of Personality. Psychological Review 80: 252–283. Moos, R. H. 1968. Situational Analysis of a Therapeutic Community Milieu. Journal of Abnormal Psychology 73: 48–61. Moos, R. H. 1969. Sources of Variance in Responses to Questionnaires and in Behavior. Journal of Abnormal Psychology 74: 405–412. Mulaik, S. A. 1964. Are Personality Factors Raters' Conceptual Factors Journal of Consulting Psychology 28: 506–511. Newcomb, T. M. 1929. The Consistency of Certain Extrovert-Introvert Behavior Patterns in 51 Problem Boys. Contributions to Education 382. Newcomb, T. M. 1931. An Experiment Designed to Test the Validity of a Rating Technique. Journal of Educational Psychology 22: 279–289. Norman, W. T. 1963. Toward An Adequate Taxonomy of Personality Attributes: Replicated Factor Structure in Peer Nomination Personality Ratings. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology 67: 574–583. Passini, F. T. and W. T. Norman 1966. A Universal Conception of Personality Structure Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 4: 44–49. Piaget, J. 1962. Plays, Dreams and Imitation in Childhood. W. W. Norton and Co. Prothro, E. T. 1960. Patterns of Permissiveness Among Preliterate Peoples. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology 61: 151–154. Raush, H. L., A. T. Dittmann, and T. J. Taylor 1959. Person, Setting, and Change in Social Interaction. Human Relations 12: 361–377. Raush, H. L., I. Farbman, and L. G. Llewellyn 1960. Person, Setting, and Change in Social Interaction II: A Normal Control Study. Human Relations 13: 305–332. Ross, L. 1977. The Intuitive Psychologist and His Shortcomings: Distortions in the Attribution Process, Advances in Experimental Social Psychology ( L. Berkowitz, ed.), Vol. 10, pp. 173–220. Academic Press. Ross, L., T. M. Amabile and J. L. Steinmetz 1977. Social Rules, Social Control, and Biases in Social Perception Processes. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 35: 485–494. Sears, R. R. 1963. Dependency Motivation, Nebraska Symposium on Motivation ( M. R. Jones, ed.), pp. 25–64. University of Nebraska Press. Sears, R. R., E. E. Maccoby, and H. Levin 1957. Patterns of Child Rearing. Harper and Row. Shirley, R. W. and A. K. Romney 1962. Love Magic and Socialization Anxiety: A Cross-Cultural Study. American Anthropologist 64: 1028–1031. Shweder, R. A. 1972. Semantic Structures and Personality Assessment ( Ph.D. dissertation). Harvard University, University Microfilms Order #72–29, 584. Shweder, R. A. 1973. The Between and Within of Cross-Cultural Research. Ethos 1: 531–543. Shweder, R. A. 1975. How Relevant Is an Individual Difference Theory of Personality Journal of Personality 43: 455–484. Shweder, R. A. 1977a. Illusory Correlation and the M.M.P.I. Controversy (commentaries by Jack Block and Allen Edwards). Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 45: 917–924. Shweder, R. A. 1977b. Illusory Correlation and the M.M.P.I. Controversy: Author's Reply to Some of the Allusions and Elusions in Block's and Edwards' Commentaries. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 45: 936–940. Shweder, R. A. 1977c. Likeness and Likelihood in Everyday Thought: Magical Thinking in Judgments about Personality. Current Anthropology 18: 637–648. (Reprinted 1978, Thinking: Readings in Cognitive Science [P. N. Johnson and P. C. Wason, eds.]. Cambridge University Press.). Shweder, R. A. 1977d. Reply (to commentary on Likeness and Likelihood in Every day Thought: Magical Thinking in Judgments about Personality). Current Anthropology 18: 652–658. Shweder, R. A. and R. G. D'Andrade 1979. Accurate Reflection or Systematic Distortion? A Reply to Block, Weiss and Thorne. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology (in press). Smith, G. M. 1967. Usefulness of Peer Ratings of Personality in Educational Research. Educational and Psychological Measurement 27: 967–984. Spiro, M. E. 1965. Religious Systems as Culturally Constituted Defense Mechanisms, Context and Meaning in Cultural Anthropology ( M. E. Spiro, ed.). Free Press. Spiro, M. E. 1967. Burmese Supernaturalism: A Study in the Explanation and Reduction of Suffering. Prentice-Hall. Spiro, M. E. and G. D'Andrade 1958. A Cross-Cultural Study of Some Supernatural Beliefs. American Anthropologist 60: 456–466. Triandis, H. C., et al. 1968. Cultural Influences Upon the Perception of Implicative Relationship Among Concepts and the Analysis of Values. Group Effectiveness Research Laboratory, Department of Psychology, University of Illinois Technical Report No. 56 (68–1). Wallace, A. F. C. 1952. The Modal Personality of the Tuscarora Indians as Revealed by the Rorschach Test. Bureau of American Ethnology Bulletin 150. Whiting, J. W. M. 1959. Sorcery, Sin and the Superego: A Cross-Cultural Study of Some Mechanisms of Social Control, Nebraska Symposium on Motivation ( M. R. Jones, ed.), pp. 174–197. University of Nebraska Press. Whiting, J. W. M. 1964. The Effects of Climate on Certain Cultural Practices, Explorations in Cultural Anthropology ( W. Goodenough, ed.), pp. 511–544. McGraw-Hill. Whiting, J. W. M. 1971. Causes and Consequences of the Amount of Body Contact Between Mother and Infant. Paper delivered at the American Anthropological Association Meetings, November 18. Whiting, J. W. M. and I. Child 1953. Child Training and Personality. Yale University Press. Whiting, J. W. M., R. Kluckhohn, and A. Anthony 1958. The Function of Male Initiation Ceremonies at Puberty, Reading in Social Psychology ( E. Maccoby, T. Newcomb and E. Hartley, eds.). Holt. Whiting, B. B. and J. W. M. Whiting 1975. Children of Six Cultures. Harvard University Press. Citing Literature Volume7, Issue3Fall 1979Pages 255-278 ReferencesRelatedInformation
Referência(s)