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Spider, bee and bird communities in cities are shaped by environmental control and high stochasticity

2010; Wiley; Linguagem: Inglês

10.1890/09-1810

1939-9170

Thomas Sattler, Daniel Borcard, Raphaël Arlettaz, Fabio Bontadina, Pierre Legendre, Martin К. Obrist, Marco Moretti,

Animal and Plant Science Education

EcologyVolume 91, Issue 11 p. 3343-3353 Article Spider, bee, and bird communities in cities are shaped by environmental control and high stochasticity T. Sattler, Corresponding Author thomas.sattler@wsl.ch Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Ecosystem Boundaries, Via Belsoggiorno 22, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Division of Conservation Biology, University of Bern, Baltzerstrasse 6, 3012 Bern, Switzerland E-mail: thomas.sattler@wsl.chSearch for more papers by this authorD. Borcard, Département de Sciences Biologiques, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128, Succursale Centre-ville, Montréal, Québec H3C 3J7 CanadaSearch for more papers by this authorR. Arlettaz, Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Division of Conservation Biology, University of Bern, Baltzerstrasse 6, 3012 Bern, SwitzerlandSearch for more papers by this authorF. Bontadina, Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Division of Conservation Biology, University of Bern, Baltzerstrasse 6, 3012 Bern, SwitzerlandSearch for more papers by this authorP. Legendre, Département de Sciences Biologiques, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128, Succursale Centre-ville, Montréal, Québec H3C 3J7 CanadaSearch for more papers by this authorM. K. Obrist, Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Biodiversity and Conservation Biology, Zuercherstrasse 111, 8903 Birmensdorf, SwitzerlandSearch for more papers by this authorM. Moretti, Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Ecosystem Boundaries, Via Belsoggiorno 22, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland Département de Sciences Biologiques, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128, Succursale Centre-ville, Montréal, Québec H3C 3J7 CanadaSearch for more papers by this author T. Sattler, Corresponding Author thomas.sattler@wsl.ch Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Ecosystem Boundaries, Via Belsoggiorno 22, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Division of Conservation Biology, University of Bern, Baltzerstrasse 6, 3012 Bern, Switzerland E-mail: thomas.sattler@wsl.chSearch for more papers by this authorD. Borcard, Département de Sciences Biologiques, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128, Succursale Centre-ville, Montréal, Québec H3C 3J7 CanadaSearch for more papers by this authorR. Arlettaz, Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Division of Conservation Biology, University of Bern, Baltzerstrasse 6, 3012 Bern, SwitzerlandSearch for more papers by this authorF. Bontadina, Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Division of Conservation Biology, University of Bern, Baltzerstrasse 6, 3012 Bern, SwitzerlandSearch for more papers by this authorP. Legendre, Département de Sciences Biologiques, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128, Succursale Centre-ville, Montréal, Québec H3C 3J7 CanadaSearch for more papers by this authorM. K. Obrist, Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Biodiversity and Conservation Biology, Zuercherstrasse 111, 8903 Birmensdorf, SwitzerlandSearch for more papers by this authorM. Moretti, Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Ecosystem Boundaries, Via Belsoggiorno 22, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland Département de Sciences Biologiques, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128, Succursale Centre-ville, Montréal, Québec H3C 3J7 CanadaSearch for more papers by this author First published: 01 November 2010 https://doi.org/10.1890/09-1810.1Citations: 75Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onEmailFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat Abstract Spatially organized distribution patterns of species and communities are shaped by both autogenic processes (neutral mechanism theory) and exogenous processes (niche theory). In the latter, environmental variables that are themselves spatially organized induce spatial structure in the response variables. The relative importance of these processes has not yet been investigated in urban habitats. We compared the variance explained by purely spatial, spatially structured environmental, and purely environmental components for the community composition of spiders (Araneae), bees (Apidae), and birds (Aves) at 96 locations in three Swiss cities. Environmental variables (topography, climate, land cover, urban green management) were measured on four different radii around sampling points (<10 m, 50 m, 250 m, 1000 m), while Moran's eigenvector maps (MEMs) acted as spatial variables. All three taxonomic groups showed weak spatial structure. Spider communities reacted to very fine-scaled environmental changes of lawn and meadow management and climate. Bird community composition was determined by woody plants as well as solar radiation at all radii, the scale of the influence varying among species. Bee communities were weakly explained by isolated variables only. Our results suggest that the anthropogenic structuring of urban areas has disrupted the spatial organization of environmental variables and inhibited the development of biotic spatial processes. The near absence of spatial structure may therefore be a feature typical of urban species assemblages, resulting in urban community composition mainly influenced by local environmental variables. Urban environments represent a close-knit mosaic of habitats that are regularly disturbed. Species communities in urban areas are far from equilibrium. Our analysis also suggests that urban communities need to be considered as being in constant change to adapt to disturbances and changes imposed by human activities. Citing Literature Supporting Information Filename Description https://dx.doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.3303591 Research data pertaining to this article is located at figshare.com: Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article. Volume91, Issue11November 2010Pages 3343-3353 RelatedInformation