Artigo Revisado por pares

Mdm‐2: “big brother” of p53

1997; Wiley; Volume: 64; Issue: 3 Linguagem: Inglês

10.1002/(sici)1097-4644(19970301)64

ISSN

1097-4644

Autores

Jamil Momand, Gerard P. Zambetti,

Tópico(s)

Cancer-related Molecular Pathways

Resumo

Journal of Cellular BiochemistryVolume 64, Issue 3 p. 343-352 Prospects Mdm-2: “big brother” of p53 Jamil Momand, Jamil Momand Department of Cell and Tumor Biology, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CaliforniaSearch for more papers by this authorGerard P. Zambetti, Corresponding Author Gerard P. Zambetti Department of Biochemistry, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TennesseeDepartment of Biochemistry, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105Search for more papers by this author Jamil Momand, Jamil Momand Department of Cell and Tumor Biology, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CaliforniaSearch for more papers by this authorGerard P. Zambetti, Corresponding Author Gerard P. Zambetti Department of Biochemistry, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TennesseeDepartment of Biochemistry, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105Search for more papers by this author First published: 07 December 1998 https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1097-4644(19970301)64:3 3.0.CO;2-VCitations: 128AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onEmailFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat References Adesina A, Nalbantoglu J, Cavenee W (1994): p53 gene mutation and mdm2 gene amplification are uncommon in medulloblastoma. Cancer Res 54: 5649–5651. CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar Barak Y, Oren M (1992): Enhanced binding of a 95 kDa protein in cells undergoing p53-mediated growth arrest. EMBO J 11: 2115–2121. 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1992.tb05270.x CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar Barak Y, Juven T, Haffner R, Oren M (1993): mdm2 expression is induced by wild type p53 activity. EMBO J 12: 461–468. 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1993.tb05678.x CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar Berberich S, Cole M (1994): The mdm-2 oncogene is translocated and overexpressed in a murine plasmacytoma cell line expressing wildtype p53. Oncogene 9: 1469–1472. CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar Beroud C, Verdier F, Soussi T (1996): p53 gene mutation: Software and database. Nucleic Acids Res 24: 147–150. 10.1093/nar/24.1.147 CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar Boddy M, Freemont P, Borden K (1994): The p53-associated protein MDM-2 contains a newly characterized zincbinding domain called the RING finger. TIBS 19: 198–199. 10.1016/0968-0004(94)90020-5 CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar Bueso-Ramos C, Yang Y, deLeon E, McCown P, Stass S, Albitar M (1993): The human MDM-2 oncogene is overexpressed in leukemias. Blood 82: 2617–2623. 10.1182/blood.V82.9.2617.2617 CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar Cahilly-Snyder L, Yang-Feng T, Francke U, George D (1987): Molecular analysis and chromosomal mapping of amplified genes isolated from a transformed mouse 3T3 cell line. Somatic Cell Mol Genet 13: 235–244. 10.1007/BF01535205 CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar Chen J, Marechal V, Levine A (1993): Mapping of the p53 and mdm-2 interaction domains. Mol Cell Biol 13: 4107–4114. 10.1128/MCB.13.7.4107 CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar Chen J, Wu X, Lin J, Levine A (1996): Mdm-2 inhibits the G1 arrest and apoptosis functions of the p53 tumor suppressor protein. Mol Cell Biol 16: 2445–2452. 10.1128/MCB.16.5.2445 CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar Clarke A, Purdie C, Harrison D, Morris R, Bird C, Hooper M, Wyllie A (1993): Thymocyte apoptosis induced by p53-dependent and independent pathways. Nature 362: 849–852. 10.1038/362849a0 CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar Cordon-Cardo C, Latres E, Drobnjak M, Oliva M, Pollack D, Woodruff J, Marechal V, Chen J, Brennan M, Levine A (1994): Molecular abnormalities of mdm2 and p53 genes in adult soft tissue sarcomas. Cancer Res 54: 794–799. CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar Corvi R, Savelyeva L, Breit S, Wenzel A, Handgretinger R, Barak J, Oren M, Amler L, Schwab M (1995): Nonsyntenic amplification of MDM2 and MYCN in human neuroblastoma. Oncogene 10: 1081–1086. CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar Donehower L, Harvey M, Slagle B, McArthur M, Montgomery C, Butel J, Bradley A (1992): Mice deficient for p53 are developmentally normal but susceptible to spontaneous tumors. Nature 356: 215–221. 10.1038/356215a0 CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar Dubs-Poterszman M, Tocque B, Wasylyk B (1995): MDM2 transformation in the absence of p53 and abrogation of the p107 G1 cell-cycle arrest. Oncogene 11: 2445–2449. CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar El-Deiry W, Tokino T, Velculescu V, Levy D, Parsons R, Trent J, Lin D, Mercer W, Kinzler W, Vogelstein B (1993): Waf1, a potential mediator of p53 tumor suppression. Cell 75: 817–825. 10.1016/0092-8674(93)90500-P CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar El-Deiry W, Harper J, O'Connor P, Velculescu V, Canman C, Jackman J, Pietenpol J, Burrell M, Hill D, Wang Y, Wiman K, Mercer W, Kastan M, Kohn K, Elledge S, Kinzler K, Vogelstein B (1994): WAF1/CIP1 is induced in p53-mediated G1 arrest and apoptosis. Cancer Res 54: 1169–1174. CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar Eliyahu D, Michalovitz D, Eliyahu S, Pinhasi-Kimhi O, Oren M (1989): Wildtype p53 can inhibit oncogenemediated focus formation. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 86: 8763–8767. 10.1073/pnas.86.22.8763 CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar Esteve A, Lehman T, Jiang W, Weinstein I, Harris C, Ruol A, Peracchia A, Montesano R, Hollstein M (1993): Correlation of p53 mutations with epidermal growth factor receptor overexpression and absence of mdm2 amplification in human esophageal carcinomas. Mol Carcinogen 8: 306–311. 10.1002/mc.2940080414 CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar Fakharzadeh S, Trusko S, George D (1991): Tumorigenic potential associated with enhanced expression of a gene that is amplified in a mouse tumor cell line. EMBO J 10: 1565–1569. 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1991.tb07676.x CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar Finlay C (1993): The mdm-2 oncogene can overcome wild-type p53 suppression of transformed cell growth. Mol Cell Biol 13: 301–306. 10.1128/MCB.13.1.301 CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar Finlay C, Hinds P, Tan T-H, Oren M, Levine A (1988): Activating mutations for transformation by p53 produce a gene product that forms an hsc70-p53 complex with an altered half-life. Mol Cell Biol 8: 531–539. 10.1128/MCB.8.2.531 CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar Finlay C, Hinds P, Levine A (1989): The p53 protooncogene can act as a suppressor of transformation. Cell 57: 1083–1093. 10.1016/0092-8674(89)90045-7 CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar Florenes V, Maelandsmo G, Forus A, Andreassen A, Mykleost O, Fodstad O, Flrenes V (1994): MDM2 gene amplification and transcript levels in human sarcomas: Relationship to TP53 gene status. J Natl Cancer Inst 86: 1297–1302. 10.1093/jnci/86.17.1297 CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar Foulkes W, Stamp G, Afzal S, Lalani N, McFarlane C, Trowsdale J, Campbell I (1995): MDM2 overexpression is rare in ovarian carcinoma irrespective of TP53 mutation status. Br J Cancer 72: 883–888. 10.1038/bjc.1995.428 CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar Graeber T, Osmanian C, Jacks T, Housman D, Koch C, Lowe S, Giaccia A (1995): Hypoxiamediated selection of cells with diminished apoptotic potential in solid tumors. Nature 379: 88–91. 10.1038/379088a0 CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar Greenblatt M, Bennett W, Hollstein M, Harris C (1994): Mutations in the p53 tumor suppressor gene: Clues to cancer etiology and molecular pathogenesis. Cancer Res 54: 4855–4878. CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar Habuchi T, Kinoshita H, Yamada H, Kakehi Y, Ogawa O, Wu W, Takahashi R, Sugiyama T, Yoshida O (1994): Oncogene amplification in urothelial cancers with p53 gene mutation or MDM2 amplification. J Natl Cancer Inst 86: 1331–1335. 10.1093/jnci/86.17.1331 CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar Haines D, Landers J, Engle L, George D (1994): Physical and functional interactions between wild-type p53 and mdm2 proteins. Mol Cell Biol 14: 1171–1178. 10.1128/MCB.14.2.1171 CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar Harper J, Adami G, Wei N, Keyomarsi K, Elledge S (1993): The p21 Cdk-interacting protein CIP1 is a potent inhibitor of G1 cyclin-dependent kinases. Cell 75: 805–816. 10.1016/0092-8674(93)90499-G CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar Harvey D, Levine A (1991): p53 alteration is a common event in the spontaneous immortalization of primary Balb/c murine embryo fibroblasts. Genes Dev 5: 2375–2385. 10.1101/gad.5.12b.2375 CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar Haupt Y, Barak Y, Oren M (1996): Cell typespecific inhibition of p53 mediated apoptosis by mdm2. EMBO J 15: 1596–1606. 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1996.tb00504.x CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar He J, Reifenberger G, Liu L, Collins V, James C (1994): Analysis of glioma cell lines for amplification and overexpression of MDM2. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 11: 91–96. 10.1002/gcc.2870110205 CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar Hinds P, Finlay C, Quartin R, Baker S, Fearon E, Vogelstein B, Levine A (1990): Mutant p53 DNA clones from human colon carcinomas cooperate with ras in transforming primary rat cells: A comparison of the “hot spot” mutant phenotypes. Cell Growth Differ 1: 571–580. CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar Hollstein M, Shomer B, Greenblatt M, Soussi T, Hovig E, Montesano R, Harris C (1996): Somatic point mutations in the p53 gene of human tumors and cell lines: Updated compilation. Nucleic Acids Res 24: 141–146. 10.1093/nar/24.1.141 CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar Horikoshi N, Usheva A, Chen J, Levine A, Weinmann R, Shenk T (1995): Two domains of p53 interact with the TATA-binding protein, and the adenovirus 13S E1A protein disrupts the association, relieving p53-mediated transcriptional repression. Mol Cell Biol 15: 227–234. 10.1128/MCB.15.1.227 CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar Huibregtse J, Scheffner M, Howley P (1991): A cellular protein mediates association of p53 with the E6 oncoprotein of human papillomavirus types 16 or 18. EMBO J 13: 4129–4135. Google Scholar Jacks T, Remington L, Williams B, Schmitt E, Halachmi S, Bronson R, Weinberg R (1994): Tumor spectrum analysis in p53-mutant mice. Curr Biol 4: 1–7. 10.1016/S0960-9822(00)00002-6 CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar Jones S, Roe A, Donehower L, Bradley A (1995): Rescue of embryonic lethality in Mdm2-deficient mice by absence of p53. Nature 378: 206–208. 10.1038/378206a0 CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar Kastan M, Onyinye O, Sidransky D, Vogelstein B, Craig R (1991): Participation of p53 in the cellular response to DNA damage. Cancer Res 51: 6304–6311. CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar Kastan M, Zhan Q, El-Deiry W, Carrier F, Jacks T, Walsh W, Plunkett B, Vogelstein B, Fornace A (1992): Amammalian cell cycle checkpoint pathway utilizing p53 and GADD45 is defective in ataxia-telangiectasia. Cell 71: 587–597. 10.1016/0092-8674(92)90593-2 CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar Kessis T, Slebos R, Han S, Shah K, Bosch X, Munoz N, Hedrick L, Cho K (1993): p53 gene mutations and MDM2 amplifications are uncommon in primary carcinomas of the uterine cervix. Am J Pathol 143: 1398–1405. CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar Khatib Z, Matsushime H, Valentine M, Shapiro D, Sherr C, Look A (1993): Coamplification of the CDK4 gene with MDM2and GLI in human sarcomas. Cancer Res 53: 5535–5541. CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar Kondo S, Barnett G, Hara H, Morimura T, Takeuchi J (1995): MDM2 protein confers the resistance of a human glioblastoma cell line to cisplatin-induced apoptosis. Oncogene 10: 2001–2006. CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar Ladanyi M, Cha C, Lewis R, Jhanwar S, Huvos A, Healey J (1993): MDM2 gene amplification in metastatic osteosarcoma. Cancer Res 53: 16–18. CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar Ladanyi M, Lewis R, Jhanwar S, Gerald W, Huvos A, Healey J (1995): MDM2 and CDK4 gene amplification in Ewing's sarcoma. J Pathol 175: 211–217. 10.1002/path.1711750209 CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar Landers J, Haines D, Strauss III J, George D (1994): Enhanced translation: Anovel mechanism of mdm2 oncogene overexpression identified in human tumor cells. Oncogene 9: 2745–2750. CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar Leng P, Brown D, Shivakumar C, Deb S, Deb SP (1995): N terminal 130 amino acids of MDM2 are sufficient to inhibit p53-mediated transcriptional activation. Oncogene 10: 1275–1282. CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar Levine A (1990): The p53 protein and its interactions with the oncogene products of the small DNA tumor viruses. Virology 177: 419–426. 10.1016/0042-6822(90)90505-L CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar Lianes P, Orlow I, Zhang Z, Oliva M, Sarkis A, Reuter V, Cordon-Cardo C (1994): Altered patterns of MDM2 and TP53 expression in human bladder cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst 86: 1325–1330. 10.1093/jnci/86.17.1325 CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar Lin J, Chen J, Elenbaas B, Levine A (1994): Several hydrophobic amino acids in the p53 N-terminal domain are required for transcriptional activation, binding to mdm-2 and the adenovirus 5 E1B 55 kd protein. Genes Dev 8: 1235–1246. 10.1101/gad.8.10.1235 CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar Liu X, Miller C, Koeffler P, Berk A (1993): The p53 activation domain binds the TATA boxbinding polypeptide in holo-TFIID, and a neighboring p53 domain inhibits transcription. Mol Cell Biol 13: 3291–3300. 10.1128/MCB.13.6.3291 CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar Lowe S, Ruley E, Jacks T, Housman D (1993): p53-dependent apoptosis modulates the cytotoxicity of anticancer agents. Cell 74: 957–967. 10.1016/0092-8674(93)90719-7 CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar Lu H, Levine A (1995): TAFII31 protein is a transcriptional coactivator of the p53 protein. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 92: 5154–5158. 10.1073/pnas.92.11.5154 CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar Maestro R, Gloghini A, Doglioni C, Gasparotto D, Vukosav-ljevic T, De Re V, Laurino L, Carbone A, Boiocchi M (1995): MDM2 overexpression does not account for stabilization of wild-type p53 protein in non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. Blood 85: 3239–3246. 10.1182/blood.V85.11.3239.bloodjournal85113239 CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar Maltzman W, Czyzyk L (1984): Irradiation stimulates levels of p53 cellular tumor antigen in nontransformed mouse cells. Mol Cell Biol 4: 1689–1694. 10.1128/MCB.4.9.1689 CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar Marchetti A, Buttitta F, Girlando S, Dall Palma P, Pellegrini S, Fina P, Doglioni C, Bevilacqua G, Barbareschi M (1995): mdm2 gene alterations and mdm2 protein expression in breast carcinomas. J Pathol 175: 31–38. 10.1002/path.1711750106 CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar Marchetti A, Buttitta F, Pellegrini S, Merlo G, Chella A, Angeletti CA, Bevilacqua G (1995b): mdm2 gene amplification and overexpression in nonsmall cell lung carcinoma with accumulation of the p53 protein in the absence of p53 gene mutations. Diagn Mol Pathol 4: 93. 10.1097/00019606-199506000-00004 CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar Martin K, Trouche D, Hagemeier C, Sorensen T, La Thangue N, Kouzarides T (1995): Stimulation of E2F1/DP1 transcriptional activity by MDM2 oncoprotein. Nature 375: 691–694. 10.1038/375691a0 CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar Martinez J, Georgoff I, Martinez J, Levine A (1991): Cellular localization and cell cycle regulation by a temperature sensitive p53 protein. Genes Dev 5: 151–159. 10.1101/gad.5.2.151 CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar McCann A, Kirley A, Carney D, Corbally N, Magee H, Keating G, Dervan P (1995): Amplification of the MDM2 gene in human breast cancer and its association with MDM2 and p53 protein status. Br J Cancer 71: 981–985. 10.1038/bjc.1995.189 CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar Mercer W, Shields M, Amin M, Suave G, Appella E, Romano J, Ullrich S (1990): Negative growth regulation in a glioblastoma tumor cell line that conditionally expresses human wild-type p53. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 87: 6166–6170. 10.1073/pnas.87.16.6166 CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar Michalovitz D, Halevy O, Oren M (1990): Conditional inhibition of transformation and of cell proliferation by a temperature-sensitive mutant p53. Cell 62: 671–680. 10.1016/0092-8674(90)90113-S CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar Moll U, Riou G, Levine A (1992): Two distinct mechanisms alter p53 in breast cancer: Mutation and nuclear exclusion. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 89: 7262–7266. 10.1073/pnas.89.15.7262 CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar Moll U, LaQuaglia M, Benard J, Riou G (1995): Wild-type p53 protein undergoes cytoplasmic sequestration in undifferentiated neuroblastomas but not in differentiated tumors. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 92: 4407–4411. 10.1073/pnas.92.10.4407 CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar Moll U, Ostermeyer A, Haladay R, Winkfield B, Frazier M, Zambetti G (1996): Cytoplasmic sequestration of wild-type p53 protein impairs the G1 checkpoint after DNA damage. Mol Cell Biol 16: 1126–1137. 10.1128/MCB.16.3.1126 CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar Momand J, Zambetti G (1996): Analysis of the proportion of p53 bound to mdm-2 in cells with defined growth characteristics. Oncogene 12: 2279–2289. CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar Momand J, Zambetti G, Olson D, George D, Levine A (1992): The mdm-2 oncogene product forms a complex with the p53 protein and inhibits p53 mediated transactivation. Cell 69: 1237–1245. 10.1016/0092-8674(92)90644-R CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar Montes de Oca Luna R, Wagner D, Lozano G (1995): Rescue of early embryonic lethality in mdm2-deficient mice by deletion of p53. Nature 378: 203–206. 10.1038/378203a0 CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar Nakayama T, Toguchida J, Wadayama B, Kanoe H, Kotoura Y, Sasaki M (1995): MDM2 gene amplification in bone and softtissue tumors: Association with tumor progression in differentiated adiposetissue tumors. Int J Cancer 64: 342–346. 10.1002/ijc.2910640511 CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar Nilbert M, Rydholm A, Willen H, Mitelman F, Mandahl N (1994): MDM2 gene amplification correlates with ring chromosomes in soft tissue tumors. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 9: 261–265. 10.1002/gcc.2870090406 CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar Oliner J, Kinzler K, Meltzer P, George D, Vogelstein B (1992): Amplification of a gene encoding a p53-associated protein in human sarcomas. Nature 358: 80–83. 10.1038/358080a0 CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar Oliner J, Pietenpol J, Thiagalingam S, Gvuris J, Vogelstein B (1993): Oncoprotein MDM2 conceals the activation domain of tumor suppressor-p53. Nature 362: 857–860. 10.1038/362857a0 CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar Olson D, Marechal V, Momand J, Chen J, Romocki C, Levine A (1993): Identification and characterization of multiple mdm-2 proteins and mdm-2-p53 protein complexes. Oncogene 8: 2353–2360. CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar Otto A, Deppert W (1993): Upregulation of mdm-2 expression in METH A tumor cells tolerating wild-type p53. Oncogene 8: 2591–2603. CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar Pedeutour F, Suijkerbuijk R, Forus A, Van Gaal J, Van de Klundert W, Coindre J, Nicolo G, Collin F, Van Haelst U, Huffermann K (1994): Complex composition and coamplification of SAS and MDM2 in ring and giant rod marker chromosomes in well-differentiated liposarcoma. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 10: 85–94. 10.1002/gcc.2870100203 CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar Perry ME, Piette J, Zawadzki J, Harvey D, Levine AJ (1993): The mdm-2 gene is induced in response to UV light in a p53-dependent manner. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 90: 11623–11627. 10.1073/pnas.90.24.11623 CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar Picksley SM, Vojtesek B, Sparks A, Lane D (1994): Immunochemical analysis of the interaction of p53 with MDM2-fine mapping of the MDM2 binding site on p53 using synthetic peptides. Oncogene 9: 2523–2529. CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar Price B, Park S (1994): DNA damage increases the levels of MDM2 messenger RNA in wtp53 human cells. Cancer Res 54: 896–899. CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar Quesnel B, Preudhomme C, Fournier J, Fenaux P, Peyrat J (1994a): MDM2 gene amplification in human breast cancer. Eur J Cancer 30A: 982–984. 10.1016/0959-8049(94)90128-7 CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar Quesnel B, Preudhomme C, Oscier D, Lepelley P, Collyn-d'Hooghe M, Facon T, Zandecki M, Fenaux P (1994b): Overexpression of the MDM2 gene is found in some cases of haematological malignancies. Br J Haematol 88: 415–418. 10.1111/j.1365-2141.1994.tb05044.x CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar Reifenberger G, Liu L, Ichimura K, Schmidt E, Collins V (1993): Amplification and overexpression of the MDM2 gene in a subset of human malignant gliomas without p53 mutations. Cancer Res 53: 2736–2739. CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar Ridge S, Dyer M, Greaves M, Wiedemann L (1994): Lack of MDM2 amplification in human leukemia. Br J Haematol 86: 407–409. 10.1111/j.1365-2141.1994.tb04754.x CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar Riou G, Barrois M, Prost S, Terrier M, Theodore C, Levine A (1995): The p53 and mdm-2 genes in human testicular germcell tumors. Mol Carcinogen 12: 124–131. 10.1002/mc.2940120303 CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar Scheffner MB, Werness BA, Huibregtse JM, Levine AJ, Howley PM (1990): The E6 oncoprotein encoded by human papillomavirus types 16 and 18 promotes the degradation of p53. Cell 63: 1129–1136. 10.1016/0092-8674(90)90409-8 CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar Seto E, Usheva A, Zambetti G, Momand J, Horikoshi N, Weinmann R, Levine A, Shenk T (1992): Wild-type p53 binds to the TATA-binding protein and represses transcription. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 89: 12028–12032. 10.1073/pnas.89.24.12028 CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar Shibagaki I, Tanaka H, Shimada Y, Wagata T, Ikenaga M, Imamura M, Ishizaki K (1995): p53 mutation, murine double minute 2 amplification, and human papillomavirus infection are frequently involved but not associated with each other in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Clin Cancer Res 1: 769–773. CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar Smith M, Chen I, Zhan Q, Bae I, Chen C, Gilmer T, Kastan M, O'Connor P, Fornace A (1994): Interaction of the p53-regulated protein GADD45 with proliferating cell nuclear antigen. Science 266: 1376–1380. 10.1126/science.7973727 CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar Thut CJ, Chen J-L, Klemm R, Tjian R (1995): p53 transcriptional activation mediated by coactivators TAFII40 and TAFII60. Science 267: 100–103. 10.1126/science.7809597 CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar Truant R, Xiao H, Ingles J, Greenblatt J (1993): Direct interaction between the transcriptional activation domain of human p53 and the TATA boxbinding protein. J Biol Chem 268: 2284–2287. CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar Waber P, Chen J, Nisen P (1993): Infrequency of MDM2 gene amplification in pediatric solid tumors and lack of association with p53 mutations in adult squamous cell carcinomas. Cancer Res 53: 6028–6030. CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar Watanabe T, Hotta T, Ichikawa A, Kinoshita T, Nagai H, Uchida T, Murate T, Saito H (1994): The MDM2 oncogene overexpression in chronic lymphocytic leukemia and low-grade lymphoma of B-cell origin. Blood 84: 3158–3165. 10.1182/blood.V84.9.3158.3158 CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar Wu X, Bayle JH, Olson D, Levine AJ (1993): The p53- mdm-2 autoregulatory feedback loop. Genes Dev 7: 1126–1132. 10.1101/gad.7.7a.1126 CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar Xiao Z-X, Chen J, Levine AJ, Modjtahedi N, Xing J, Sellers WR, Livingston DM (1995): Interaction between the retinoblastoma protein and the oncoprotein MDM2. Nature 375: 694–698. 10.1038/375694a0 CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar Yonish-Rouach E, Resnitzky D, Lotem J, Sachs L, Kimchi A, Oren M (1991): Wild-type p53 induces apoptosis of my eloid leukaemic cells that is inhibited by interleukin-6. Nature 352: 345–347. 10.1038/352345a0 CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar Zambetti GP, Levine AJ (1993): A comparison of the biological activities of wild-type and mutant p53. FASEB J 8: 855–865. Google Scholar Zauberman A, Barak Y, Ragimov N, Levy N, Oren M (1993): Sequence-specific DNA binding by p53: Identification of target sites and lack of binding to p53-MDM2 complexes. EMBO J 12: 2799–2808. 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1993.tb05941.x CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar Zhan Q, Lord KA, Alamo Jr I, Hollander MC, Carrier F, Ron D, Kohn KW, Hoffman B, Lieberman D, Fornace Jr AJ (1994): The gadd and MyD genes define a novel set of mammalian genes encoding acidic proteins that synergistically suppress cell growth. Mol Cell Biol 14: 2361–2371. 10.1128/MCB.14.4.2361 CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar Citing Literature Volume64, Issue31 March 1997Pages 343-352 ReferencesRelatedInformation

Referência(s)
Altmetric
PlumX