Portal de Periódicos da CAPES

Woman Participation in the Industrial Field

2020; Volume: 8; Issue: 11 Linguagem: Inglês

10.20431/2349-0349.0811009

2349-0349

G Martini Maria, Josefina Beltrán, María Cervantes Chávez,

Crafts, Textile, and Design

Women education in Mexico had been reserved only for Spanish and creole girls.They lived confined to their house, but could attend a kind of private secular schools known as "amigas", or simply, "migas" where a woman, basically, taught them: religion, house tasks and to read only until the age of ten.After finishing this education, the girls were sent as maids to serve the Spanish Lords.[1].As an example, we have the first school for poor Spanish girls, Girls' College ("Colegio de las Niñas") opened in 1548 in Mexico City.Later on, these schools were opened in other cities as in Guadalajara and Puebla.During the Viceroyship they were founded in the city of Valladolid (Morelia City now), Real City of Chiapas, Zacatecas, San Luis Potosí, Jalapa and Celaya, among others.After the Mexican Independence, the country had to start a new way, focusing in consolidation as a free, autonomous country.During the XIX century a new phenomenon appeared: Industrialization.So, a need for new technologies training took place, substantially, changing some educational approach [2].Education for women started to sprout at founding an industrial school for girls which allowed to detect diffusion and access ways to educate women for work [3].In recent years, women incursion in labor and industrial life have, eventually, increased in a very positive, active manner, contributing to the economic, social and cultural development of our country.At the present time, women work as: head of family, workers and entrepreneurs, among other important positions.Having man as the only house support taboo has been laid behind.Currently world economic situation has pushed women out from home in order to work and keep a better quality of life.Mostly, all jobs performed by women, were discriminatory or partial time ones.Certainly, these jobs were not, adequately, registered within global statistical sources such as population censes.According to surveys carried out in Mexico, focused on labor active feminine population, and provided a percentage of 21% by 1979 of women force.Nowadays, it is of 39% [4].Women have faced many labor challenges as obtaining better industrial benefits, openness to directive positions, flexibility and respect towards maternity rights at work, to mention only a few examples.