Index
2018; Linguagem: Inglês
10.1108/s0161-723020180000033009
ISSN0161-7230
ResumoCitation (2018), "Index", Environmental Impacts of Transnational Corporations in the Global South (Research in Political Economy, Vol. 33), Emerald Publishing Limited, Bingley, pp. 215-225. https://doi.org/10.1108/S0161-723020180000033009 Publisher: Emerald Publishing Limited Copyright © 2019 Emerald Publishing Limited INDEX Aboriginal homeland communities, 45 Aboriginal Land Rights Act (ALRA), 38, 44 ABS. See Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) Academia Mechanism, 206 Accra, Ghana, 112 See also Oil accidents Accumulation by dispossession, 2, 37, 50, 125 concept, 13 in Harvey, 15–17 Luxemburg’s contribution, 14–15 Marx’s analysis of original (primitive) accumulation, 13–14 McArthur River Mine (MRM), 51–52 and reprimarization, 26–29 Accumulation of Capital, The , 14–15 Acid rock drainage, 20–21 Adjusted Net Savings (ANS), 4, 75–76, 80–81 Africa African Development Bank (2018) (AfDB), 87 African Economic Outlook , 87 Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), 88 China resource concessions, 88 Chinese financial geopolitics, 88 colonial and post-colonial development, 149 commodity export values, 84 commodity prices, 87 commodity prices index, 83 creditor imperialism, 89 current account balance, 86 debt crisis, 89 “dissaving”, 83 Economist, The (2014), 88 Economist Intelligence Unit (2017), 87 family farmers in, 199 financial liability, 89 foreign direct investment (FDI), 86 hard-currency investments, 87 illicit financial flows, 87 imports and exports, prices and volumes of, 83–84 “Least Developed Countries” (LDCs), 84–86 neo-colonial arrangements, 89 overseas development aid (ODA), 86 private investors, 87–88 unsustainable current account deficits, 87 African−American activists in 1982, 172–173 African Development Bank (2018) (AfDB), 87 African Economic Outlook , 87 Agreement on Agriculture (AoA), 197 Agricultural intensification, 204 AGRITEX (Agricultural Technical and Extension Services of the Ministry of Agriculture in Zimbabwe), 159 Air pollution, 127 Allied Oil, 129 ALRA. See Aboriginal Land Rights Act (ALRA) Anacé territory, threats and recapture of Brazilian territory, occupation, 183 conflicts, 182 “difficult” soils, 183 ethnic and territorial integrity, 183 indigenous territory, 182 industrial installations, 183 lands self-determination, 182 public and private operations, 182 quality of life, 183–184 socioenvironmental impacts, 183–184 Anglo-Swiss mining transnational Xstrata PLC, 39 Another World is Possible − If , 102 ANS. See Adjusted Net Savings (ANS) Anti-mining struggles, 18 Anti-Politics Machine, The , 150 Anti-Systemic Movements , 101 AoA. See Agreement on Agriculture (AoA) Art and resistance in Gulf country, 58–64 and social change, 56–58 Atlas of Environmental Justice , 24 Atomic Junction, Accra, Ghana, 112 See also Oil accidents Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS), 37 Australian settler colonialism, 43, 50–51 Bank and Conservation International, 81 Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), 88 Biodiversity and conservation, 78 Biofuel investment, 132 Biological oxygen demand (BOD), 127 Birds of prey, 60–61 Brazil, India, Russia, China and South Africa (BRICS), 75, 92 Brazilian Cooperation Program for the Agricultural Development of the cerrados (PRODECER), 201 BRI. See Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) BRICS. See Brazil, India, Russia, China and South Africa (BRICS) British Petroleum, 124 Bulk Oil Storage and Transportation Company (BOST), 130 Business friendly laws, 163 Capitalism, 14, 44, 150 Capitalist economy, 91 Capitalist mining, 18 Capitalist systems, 113 Carbon trading and offsetting, 78 Cash crops for biofuels, 201 Castanhão reservoir, 181 CCPL. See Community of Countries of Portuguese Language (CCPL) Central Forest Reserves, 163 Changing Wealth of Nations, The (2018), 74–75, 80, 89 Chemical oxygen demand (COD), 127 Chimurenga (liberation) wars, 152 China resource concessions, 88 Chinese financial geopolitics, 88 Chinese financing and equipment supply, 92 CIPP, industrial shipping complex, 175–177 environmental injustice and environmental racism in, 178–181 principal socioenvironmental damage related to installations, 179–181 Circuit of Capital approach, 116 Civil Society Mechanism, 206 Class-forming, continental and international, 101 Classical political economy, 15–16 Clean Development Mechanism, 78 Climate catastrophe, 89–93 Climate offset financing schemes, 78 Climate-smart agriculture, 203 CMB. See Cotton Marketing Board (CMB) Colonialism, 44 Colonizers, 44 Commodification of nature, 79 and privatization of land, 16 Commodity export values, 84 Commodity prices, 87 Commodity prices index, 83 Common Code for the Coffee Community, 200 Community of Countries of Portuguese Language (CCPL), 7, 195–196 action-oriented policy instrument, 205–206 aims, 206 CFSN-CCPL, 206 direct participation and concerted action, 207 legal and institutional frameworks, 207 multistakeholder participation in, 206 public investments in family agriculture, 207 Conceptualized structural violence, 147–148 Contested land rights, 44–46 Conventional farming, 193 Core implementing country, 81–82 Corporate social responsibility myth, MRM, 52–56 Borroloola Community Development Planning Study, 53 commitments to Indigenous employment, 55 community benefits trust (CBT), 54 Community Reference Group, 53–54 community relations, 54 environmental damage, 54 “frontier homicide”, 56 Gudanji, Garawa, Marra, and Yanyuwa peoples, 53, 55–56 Indigenous decision-making processes, 53 mining companies, 52–53 private capital accumulation, 55 social licence to operate, 53, 55 “summary liquidation of Indigenous people”, 56 Xstrata, 53–54 Cotton cultivation, MZP, 160 Cotton Marketing Board (CMB), 155 Council of Food and Nutrition Security of the Community of Portuguese-Speaking Countries (CFNS-CCPL), 206 Countervailing power, 101 Countervisualization, 57 Creative arts, resistance movements, 56 Creditor imperialism, 89 Current account balance, 86 Debt crisis, 89 ecological, 79 Deception, 16 Decolonization, 45 Deforestation, 163 Deglobalization , 102 Delinking , 102 Desecrating the Rainbow Serpent , 58 Destruction of our Bush Tucker , 59–60 Deterritorialization, 7 Development, 148–149 Diamond revenue, 100 Disaster capitalism, 116 Dispossession, mega-mining, 18 “Dissaving”, 83 Distributional environmental conflicts, 174 Dodd-Frank Act, 123 Dreamings, 41–42 Drilling, 126 Driving resource conflicts, 148 “Dutch Disease” economic skews, 74 Earth Democracy , 102 Ecological debt, 79 Ecological-economic narratives African, unequal ecological exchange, 93–99 African resource extraction and, 74–75 Africa’s natural capital depletion, 80–81 Africa’s renewed economic crisis, 83–89 climate catastrophe, 89–93 natural capital and resistance, 99–103 stress, 74 World Bank’s partial environmental accounting, 75–80 Zambia’s natural capital depletion, 81–83 Ecological ethnicity, 173 Ecological modernization strategies, 4, 74, 79 Economic men and women, 150 Economic Partnership Agreement, 198 Economic Recovery Program, 163 Economic structural adjustment, 151, 154, 157, 165 Economist, The (2014), 88 Economist Intelligence Unit (2017), 87 Eco-socialism, 103 Enclosure movement, 14 Encountering development, 149–150 Energy Crisis: World Struggle for Power and Wealth, The , 124 Engineering of protest management and social conflict, 26 Ente Nazionale Idrcarburi (ENI), 116, 121 Environmental accident, 114 Environmental Assessment Act 1982, 47 Environmental conflicts, 174–175 sociospatial context of, 177–178 Environmental damage, 178 Environmental Defenders Office (EDO), 47 Environmental inequality, 173–174 market, 174 neutralization of potential critics, 174 organized disinformation, 174 public policy, 174 Environmental injustice in Northeast Brazil Anacé territory, threats and “recapture” of, 182–184 CIPP, 175–177 environmental conflict, 177–178 and environmental racism in CIPP, 178–181 socioenvironmental damage, 172–175 Environmental justice, 172–175 movements, 102 Environmental policy recommendations, 76–77 Environmental Protection Authority (EPA), 47 Environmental Racism , 172 Environment impact, agricultural activity, 202–205 Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (EPBC), 46–47 EPAs. See European Partnership Agreements (EPAs) “Ethical coffee” designation, 200 EU Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement (CETA), 198 European Partnership Agreements (EPAs), 198 Expanded reproduction, 13 Export Processing Zone, 176 Expropriation, mega-mining and, 21–23 Extractive industries, 78, 93, 95–96 Extractivism, critiques, 74 Exxon, 124 Facilitative state and environmental legislation, 46–50 Fair trade, 199–200 Family farmers in Africa, 199 Family farming, 206 biofuels producers, 194–195 Community of Countries of Portuguese Language (CCPL), 195–196 conventional farming, 193 emergence, 193 FAO definition, 194 farm size, 193 Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), 193 genetic diversity, 205 role, 194 “too big to feed”, 191 urban agriculture, 194 Financial flows to offshore sites, 74 Financialization of nature, 78 “Fly In Fuck Off”, 60–61 Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), 193 Food and Nutrition Security Council, 206 Food trade, 193 Foreign direct investment (FDI), 75, 80, 86 Fossil-based capitalism, 114 Fossil-centric mega-projects, 92 Garawa people, 36–37, 41, 43–44, 62, 64–65 GDP. See Gross domestic product (GDP) General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT), 197 Ghana, 112 accidents and environmental pollution, 127 companies in, 121 downstream oil marketing companies, 122 offshore concessions, 120 oil accidents, 126 petroleum industry in, 112, 119 See also Oil accidents Ghana National Petroleum Corporation (GNPC), 117–118 Giga-mining, 19 Giga-tons of carbon (GtC), 204 GIP, 123 Glencore, 49 Global Alliance for Climate-Smart Agriculture, 203 Global climate governance, 90 Global food chain corporations emergence, 191 deterritorialization, 192 dismantling import taxes, 191 family farming, 193 flora and fauna protection, 192 global hunger, 192 national economic development policies, 191 neoliberal economic policies, 191 process of globalization, 193 synthetic agricultural products, 191 transnational food production, 193 Washington consensus policies, 191–192 Global mining exploration, 18 Global wealth by type of asset, 75–76 GMB. See Grain Marketing Board (GMB) GOIL, 122, 129 Grain Marketing Board (GMB), 154–155 Green Economy, 81 Green Fuel, 161 Green Resources, 152, 164–165 Green structural transformation, 151 Grilagem, 203 Gross domestic product (GDP), 75, 149, 156 Gross National Income (GNI), 79 Growth machine, 133 Gudanji people, 36–37, 41, 43–44, 62, 64–65 Gulf, 124 Gulf of Carpentaria, contested values, 38 Aboriginal Land Rights Act (ALRA), 38 Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS), 37 environmental problems record, 39–41 Glencore’s McArthur River Mine, 38–39 gulf region, indigenous life projects, 41–43 “homeland” communities, 38 traditional Aboriginal owners, 38 Hapanasadza, 154 Hard-currency investments, 87 Hard-currency payments, 82 Homeland communities, 38 Human Right to Adequate Food and Nutrition, 205–206 Illegal encroaching, 164 Illicit financial flows, 87 Imports and exports, prices and volumes of, 84 Inadequate climate adaptation, 79–80 Independence movements, 45 Indigenous community-controlled organizations, 44–45 Indigenous people, for portraits, 62–64 Industrial agriculture, global food chain, 200–202 Industrial installations, mega-mining, 18 Industrial plantation forestry, 151 Industrial siting, 116 “Intangible aspects of social life”, 41 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), 202 International development project, 149 International environmental debate, 79 International Monetary Fund (IMF), 82, 149–150, 157 International Panel on Climate Change, 184 International Trade and Investment Agreements, 196–198 International trade framework, 197 Jevons Paradox, 133 Jubilee debt relief movement, 100 Jubilee Field, 119–120 Judicial activism, 24–25 Junggayi , 58 Kosmos–ExxonMobil transaction, 123 Land pollution, 128 Least Developed Countries (LDCs), 84–86 Legality, 17 Legislative harmonization, 199 Liberal democracies, 52 Living entity, 41 Logic of elimination, 51 “Lollies”, 60 Low mineral grade deposits, 19 Lusiad, The , 146 Marine Pollution Act, 130 Marine Pollution Prevention and Control Regulations, 130 “Maritime Silk Road” investments, 92 Market-based schemes, 78 Marra people, 36–37, 41, 43–44, 62, 64–65 Marx’s analysis of original (primitive) accumulation, 13–14 McArthur River Mine (MRM), 38–39 accumulation by dispossession, 51–52 Australian settler colonialism, 43, 50–51 contested land rights, 44–46 corporate social responsibility myth, 52–56 facilitative state and environmental legislation, 46–50 first wave of colonization, 44 Mt Isa Mines (MIM), 38–39 rainbow serpent, 42–43 site, 58–59 Mega-minería, 19 Mega-mining, 2–3, 17–21 accumulation mechanism, 18 anti-mining struggles, 18 capitalist mining, 18 dispossession, 18 and expropriation, 21–23 extractive activities, 17–18 global mining exploration, 18 impacts, 20–21 industrial installations, 18 “low mineral grade“ deposits, 19 mining codes, 17 mining supercycle, 18 and social conflict, 23–26 waste rock, 19 waste-to-ore-ratio, 19 Mega-mining space, 21, 24, 27 Mesoamerican Movement, 25 Methodology of accident research, 114 Microeconomic approach, 79 Mid-Zambesi Valley Development Project (MZP), 158–161 Militant particularisms, 74–75 Mine blockage, 25 Minggirringi , 58 Mining codes, 17 Mining company, 59–60 Mining Extractive Model (M4), 25 Mining supercycle, 18, 27 Mirador and Panantza - San Carlos copper megaprojects, 22 Mobil, 124 Movenpinaa Energy, 130 MRM. See McArthur River Mine (MRM) Mt Isa Mines (MIM), 38–39 Multilateral Agreement on Investment (MAI), 198 MZP. See Mid-Zambesi Valley Development Project (MZP) National Association of Professional Environmentalists, 92 National Disaster Management Organization, 130 National Forestry and Tree Planting Act 2003, 164 National Forestry Authority (NFA), 163 National Forestry Policy 2001, 164 Nationalization, 132 National Oil Spillage Contingency Plan, 130 National Oil Spill Response Dispersant, 130 National Petroleum Authority, 131 Native Title Act, 46 Natural capital, 4, 78, 80, 103 Natural capital accounting, 75, 77, 90 Natural capital’s depletion, 100 Nature − human relationships, 50–51 Negotiated agreements, 52 Neo-colonial arrangements, 89 Neoliberal international trade framework, 199 Neoliberal mining codes, 26 Neoliberal policy, 82 Neopatrimonialism, 131 Networks of relatedness, 41 New Imperialism, The , 13, 15 Non-capitalist exploitation, 7 Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs), 78 Nonrenewable resource depletion, 75 “Non-spectacular” structural violence, 147 Northern Land Council (NLC), 45 Oceanic degradation and acidification, 79 Ocean pollution, 128 Official mining assets, 22 Offshore Petroleum Regulations, 130 Oil accidents, 113–117 alternatives, 132–136 environmental costs of accumulation, 125–127 causes and impacts, 127–130 policies, 130–132 Niger Delta area, 112 Oil industry in Ghana history, 117–119 structure, 119–125 Oil system, 114–115 “Open Cut” exhibition, 64 Ore-derived lead, 39–40 Organizational rationality, 116 Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), 198 Original (primitive) accumulation, 13–14 Outright pillaging, 14 Overseas development aid (ODA), 86 Ownership and Control of Oil (book), 118 Paris Climate Agreement of 2015, 91 Payment for Eco-System Services, 74 Peace, property and equality, 15 Pecém Industrial and Shipping Complex Business Association (AECIP), 176 Petrobras, 176–177 Petroleum accidents. See Oil accidents PetroSA, 121 “Pink Tide” neo-extractivism, 103 Place-based microstruggles, 74–75 Political-ecological solidarity, 100 Political resistance through self-expression, 57 Post-colonial and post-Independence national projects, 150 Post-neoliberal era, 26 Presidential Infrastructure Coordinating Commission (PICC) project, 92 Priority accounts, 82 Private capitalists, 16 Private food certification systems, 200 Private Sector Mechanism, 206 PRODECER programs, 201–202 Property-based capitalism, 116 ProSavana programs, 202 Public choice theory, 131 Public Land Act , 164 Public transportation, 133 Rainbow serpent, 42–43, 58 Rapid biodiversity loss, 79 Re-afforestation efforts, 163 Reducing Emissions through Deforestation and forest Degradation (REDD) projects, 78 Regional Strategy on Food and Nutrition Security of the CCPL, 205–206 Regulatory cooperation mechanisms, 200 Renewed economic crisis, Africa. See Africa Reprimarization, 3 consequences for environment, 27–29 and environment, 29 future exploitation, 27 “investment climate”, 27 mega-mining interests, 26 “mining super-cycle”, 27 Resistance, 52, 56–64 “Resource Curse” analytic framework, 74, 116 Sabre Oil and Gas, 121 Saltwater people, 41 Sankofa-GyeNyame, 119 Sargassum , 128 “Second contradiction of capitalism”, 26 “Secret of Primitive Accumulation, The”, 13–14 Seed agribusiness activity, 204 Self-determination, 37, 44 Settler colonialism in Australia, 50–51 “Seven Sisters”, 123–124 Shell, 121, 124 Shell Ghana, 129 Silent spill, 132 Small-scale mining communities, 14 Social conflict, mega-mining and, 23–26 Social inequalities, 156, 174 Social License to Operate, 26 Social suffering conceptualizing, 148–149 moral barometer, 148 social inequality, frontlines, 148 See also Violence Socioenvironmental damage, 178 Southern African Development Community (SADC), 198 Spatial environmental conflicts, 174 “Spatiotemporal fixes”, 17 Standard Oil Company, 124 State-marketing system, 154 State of Agricultural Commodity Markets, 192 Stranded assets concept, 90 Strict economic interpretation, 15 “Strict interdependence”, 171 Structural and slow violence, 148 Structural violence, 146–149, 151, 154, 157, 161, 164 Subcommercial Saltpond Field, 119 Subterranean water sources, exploitation, 181 Sustainability, 79 Sustainable development, 75–76 Sustainable intensification, 203–204 Synthetic fertilizers production, 203 Systems of oil, 114–115 Tailings dams, 21 Tailings storage facility (TSF), 39 Tangible economic activities, 41 Taylorist scientific management, 122 Tema Oil Refinery (TOR), 121 Territorial environmental conflicts, 174 Texaco, 124 TNCs. See Transnational corporations (TNCs) TNC−TNC co-operation, 123 Toromocho megaproject, 22 Total dissolved solids (TDS), 127 Total Petroleum, 129 Toward a Steady State Economy (1973), 75 Toxic pollution, mega-mining, 21 Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS), 198 Traditional Aboriginal owners, 38 Traditional and indigenous communities, 181 Transnational capital into industrial plantation forestry, 161–163 Transnational corporations (TNCs), 12, 14, 20, 22–23 broader socioecological interests, 74 business strategies, 191 direct investment, 192 food trade, 193 global food chain, 209 market entry, 191 McArthur River Mine (MRM), 50–56 neoliberalism and the domination of, 196–202 structuring violence, 147 Transnational corporation (TNC)-led oil investments, 112, 116, 136 Transnational economic schemes, 151 Transnational mega-mining, 15 Trespassing, 164 “Trickle down” effect, 149 Tullow, 121 Tullow Ghana Ltd, 119 Tweneboa-Enyenra-Ntomme field, 119 Uganda, industrial plantation forestry in, 161–163 Unburnable carbon, 90 Unequal ecological exchange, 5 African Mining Vision (AMV), 96 Armed Conflict Location and Event Dataset (ACLED), 97 “Blockadia” mapping, 98–99 Dodd-Frank legislation, 95 Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative (EITI), 94 Foreign Corrupt Practices Act, 95 Free Prior and Informed Consent (FPIC), 96 illicit financial flows, 94 information asymmetries, 93 intellectual credibility, 93 interconnected ‘contagion’ of dissent, 96–97 liberal commitment to transparency, 94 “misinvoicing”, 95 non-renewable wealth, 93 organic community protests, 97 Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), 94 Panama Papers in 2016, 95 Paradise Papers in 2017, 95 “Publish What You Pay” (PWYP) network, 93 Resource Curse, 94 resource extraction and conflict, 97–98 “riots and protests” in Africa, 97 unequal development, 93 Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, 193 Unrepayable loans, 100 Unrestricted private conquest, 51 Unsustainable current account deficits, 87 US−Africa Energy Association, 120 US Environmental Protection Agency, 20 Violence accumulation of capital through dispossession, 23 physical and symbolic, 16 and suffering conceptual framework, 147–148 development, violence and suffering, 149–150 industrial plantation forestry, 161–164 land delivers social suffering, privatization, 164–165 Mid-Zambesi Valley Development Project (MZP), 158–161 research methods, 151–152 social suffering, 148–149 See also Zimbabwe, structural adjustment Violent transformation, 14 Wangagala , 41 Waste rock, 19, 39 Waste-to-ore-ratio, 19 “Wealth Accounting and Valuation of Ecosystem Services” (WAVES) project, 77–78 “Weapons of the colonizer”, 45 World Bank’s partial environmental accounting “Adjusted Net Savings” (ANS), 75–76 carbon trading and offsetting, 78 Changing Wealth of Nations 2018, The , 75 climate offset financing schemes, 78 commodification of nature, 79 ecological debt, 79 ecological modernization, 79 environmental policy recommendations, 76–77 global wealth by type of asset, 75–76 Gross Domestic Product (GDP), 75 Gross National Income (GNI), 79 inadequate climate adaptation, 79–80 market-based schemes, 78 microeconomic approach, 79 microprotests, 78 natural capital, 78, 80 natural capital accounting, 77 neoliberal nature, 77 oceanic degradation and acidification, 79 rapid biodiversity loss, 79 sustainability, 79 sustainable development, 75–76 Toward a Steady State Economy (1973), 75 “Wealth Accounting and Valuation of Ecosystem Services” (WAVES) project, 77–78 “Zero Day” for residential water access, 80 World Bank WAVES (2017), 82 World Food Program, 206 World Trade Organization, 133 Zambezi Valley, 151 ZANU-PF (Zimbabwe African National Union-Patriotic Front), 154 “Zero Day” for residential water access, 80 Zimbabwe, structural adjustment and development, 152–154 making of suffering, 157–158 Mid-Zambesi Valley Development Project (MZP), 158–161 and violence, 154–157 Book Chapters Prelims Introduction Part I Extractive Industries, Social Conflict and Dispossession in the Global South Chapter 1 Transnational Mining and Accumulation by Dispossession Chapter 2 Mining Giants, Indigenous Peoples and Art: Challenging Settler Colonialism in Northern Australia Through Story Painting Chapter 3 Ecological-Economic Narratives for Resisting Extractive Industries in Africa Chapter 4 Petroleum Accidents in the Global South Part II Environmental Conflicts and Transnational Value Chains in the Global South Chapter 5 Transnational Corporations, Violence and Suffering: The Environmental, Public Health and Social Impacts From Comparative Case Studies in Zimbabwe and Uganda Chapter 6 Environmental Injustice in Northeast Brazil: The Pecém Industrial and Shipping Complex Chapter 7 Family Farming, the Environment and the Global Food Chain Index
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