Nondestructive Evaluation
2000; Linguagem: Inglês
10.1002/0471238961.1415140402180125.a01
Autores Tópico(s)Thermography and Photoacoustic Techniques
ResumoAbstract The technology of nondestructive evaluation (NDE) includes all nondamaging or nonintrusive methods for determining material identity; for evaluating material properties, composition, structure, or serviceability; and for detecting discontinuities and defects in materials. Nondestructive tests commonly are used for quality control, process control, and for reliability assurance of materials, protective coatings, components, welds, assemblies, structures, and operating systems. The use of these tests helps prevent premature failure of materials during processing, manufacturing, or assembly, and during service under anticipated operating stresses and environments. Nondestructive evaluation provides an essential service toward achieving the goal of optimum plant and system operation. An overview of NDE methods and applications that apply to most inspection demands that can arise in the chemical industry is presented. Candidates for inspection with NDE range from massive aircraft and pressure vessels to minute fibers used in the construction of high strength composites and fine arts objects. Techniques applicable to such a wide range of items may be classified as external energy tests, where the signal or probing medium is generated externally to the system being evaluated, or passive energy tests, where the signal comes from the system itself. Probe sources range from the ultrasonic and microwave through γ‐ and x‐rays. Surface investigation, leak detection, flaw sizing, imaging of material systems, and routine inspections are all carried out using NDE.
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