Scientific Opinion on the safety and efficacy of malic acid and a mixture of sodium and calcium malate when used as technological additives for all animal species
2014; Wiley; Volume: 12; Issue: 2 Linguagem: Inglês
10.2903/j.efsa.2014.3563
ISSN1831-4732
Tópico(s)Animal Nutrition and Physiology
ResumoEFSA JournalVolume 12, Issue 2 3563 OpinionOpen Access Scientific Opinion on the safety and efficacy of malic acid and a mixture of sodium and calcium malate when used as technological additives for all animal species EFSA Panel on Additives and Products or Substances used in Animal Feed (FEEDAP), EFSA Panel on Additives and Products or Substances used in Animal Feed (FEEDAP)Search for more papers by this author EFSA Panel on Additives and Products or Substances used in Animal Feed (FEEDAP), EFSA Panel on Additives and Products or Substances used in Animal Feed (FEEDAP)Search for more papers by this author First published: 18 February 2014 https://doi.org/10.2903/j.efsa.2014.3563Citations: 4 Panel members: Gabriele Aquilina, Vasileios Bampidis, Maria De Lourdes Bastos, Lucio Guido Costa, Gerhard Flachowsky, Mikolaj Antoni Gralak, Christer Hogstrand, Lubomir Leng, Secundino López-Puente, Giovanna Martelli, Baltasar Mayo, Fernando Ramos, Derek Renshaw, Guido Rychen, Maria Saarela, Kristen Sejrsen, Patrick Van Beelen, Robert John Wallace and Johannes Westendorf Correspondence: feedap@efsa.europa.eu Acknowledgement: The Panel wishes to thank the members of the Working Group on Organic Acids, including Andrew Chesson, Noel Dierick, Jurgen Gropp and Piet Western, for the preparatory work on this scientific opinion. Adoption date: 29 January 2014 Published date: 18 February 2014 Question number: EFSA-Q-2010-01514 On request from: European Commission AboutPDF ToolsExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat Abstract An application has been made for the re-authorisation of malic acid as a preservative in feed and an acidity regulator in feed for cats and dogs and for the authorisation of a mixture of sodium and calcium salts of malic acid to be used as an acidity regulator in feed for all animal species. Evidence from feeding studies with dogs, poultry, piglets, veal calves and ruminants showed that the highest typical use level of 1 600 mg malic acid/kg complete feedingstuffs (supplied as acid or salts) is safe for all animal species. Setting a maximum content was not considered as necessary. Malic acid and its sodium and calcium salts are permitted food additives without limit in the EU. The use of malic acid and its sodium and calcium salts in animal nutrition is safe for the consumer. Malic acid and its salts are considered as strongly irritant to the skin and mucosa and as a particular risk to the eyes. Exposure via inhalation for those handling the additives is also considered to present a risk. Malates are components of the diet of humans and animals and are rapidly and completely metabolised to CO2. Consequently, their use in animal production would not pose a risk to the environment. Malic acid is used in food as a preservative. It is reasonable to expect that the effect seen in food will be observed in feed when it is used at comparable concentrations and under similar conditions. However, the FEEDAP Panel has reservations about the effectiveness of malic acid as a preservative in complete feedingstuffs with a moisture content of ≤ 12 %. The ability of malic acid and its salts to act as acidity regulators in feed has not been demonstrated. References Biggs P and Parsons CM, 2008. The effects of several organic acids on growth performance, nutrient digestibilities, and caecal microbial populations in young chicks. Poultry Science, 87, 2581– 2589. Carro MD, Ranilla MJ, Giráldez FJ and Mantecón AR, 2006. Effects of malate on diet digestibility, microbial protein synthesis, plasma metabolites, and performance of growing lambs fed a high-concentrate diet. Journal of Animal Science, 84, 405– 410. Castillo C, Benedito JL, Pereira V, Vázquez P, López Alonso M, Méndez J and Hernádez J, 2007. 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