Index
2016; University of Chicago Press; Volume: 31; Issue: 1 Linguagem: Inglês
10.1086/689275
ISSN1933-8287
ResumoPrevious article FreeIndexPDFPDF PLUSFull Text Add to favoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints Share onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditEmailQR Code SectionsMoreA. A Generation of Vipers, 102Abelard, Peter, 26–28Adorno, Theodor W., 6Aelred of Rievaulx, 28, 29, 35, 36affect: in hysteria, 174; in medieval discourse, 24–25; in Western Christian thought, 25; and will, Aelred on, 36. See also emotionsagoraphobia: case study, 204–5; origination of term, 206; Westphal on, 206–7Ahmed, Sara, 157Alan of Lille, 28Albert the Great, 40, 41Alderotti, Taddeo, 50, 57, 60Alexander, Amir, 14Alexander, Franz, 75, 79, 84, 93, 94Alexander of Hales, 40Alfano of Salerno, 30, 37American Education Motion Picture Association, 194American Psychiatric Association, 94, 101, 110, 205American Psychiatric Association Committee on Research, 209American Psychosomatic Society, 92anatomists: overcoming revulsion, 123–24; professionalization of, 120anatomy: medical texts, 124; as practice, 121–22; research, 120anatomy demonstrations: Heseler’s account, 125–26; Platter’s account, 126–27. See also cadaversAnderson, Carol, 113anger: Aristotle on, 37, 39, 49–50, 54, 63, 64; moral implications, 64; remedies for, 33; the will and, 27animal experiments: anesthesia in, 144; expressions of pain in, 144–45; scientists’ emotions during, 139; tool to create pain in, 144–45Anselm of Canterbury, 35Anselm of Laon, 28anthroposophic medicine, 70–72; four body dimensions, 70Anthroposophic Society, 72antidepressant medication, 205, 214, 217; Hillside Hospital tests, 213–15antivivisectionist movement, 139anxiety, episodic, 215–16; Klein’s distinctions of, 216–18Aretaeus von Cappadocia, 164Aristotle, 25, 38, 42, 60; on anger, 37, 39, 49–50, 54, 63, 64; De Anima, 46, 47–49, 51Arnaldus of Villanova, 33, 61Arnheim, Rudolf, 200al-Rāzī, Abū Bakr (Rhazes), 32Asimov, Isaac, 227, 240Atlante della espressione del dolore, 150, 151, 152–53, 154, 155, 157, 161Atlas of Pain, 152, 153, 154, 157, 159, 161Augustine, Saint, 22–23, 26, 27, 35, 36, 41, 43, 44B. Bain, Alexander, 6, 9Baltrusch, Hans-Joachim F., 90Barnabas of Reggio, 33Bart, Pauline, 110–11Bartholomaeus of Salerno, 60Bateson, Gregory, 108Bazán, Carlos Bernard, 47Beer, Bernard, 237The Behavior of the Organisms, 233behaviorism: neurophysiology and, 230–31; in science of pleasure, 234–35Benedetti, Alessandro, 121, 122–23, 131, 135Benzi, Ugo, 50, 57, 62Bernard, Claude, 143Bernard de Fontenelle, 124Bernard de Gordon, 61Bernard of Clairvaux, Saint, 27–28, 36Berrios, German, 173–74Bildstelle, the, 194Blund, John, 39Boddice, Rob, 145–46Bonaventure, Saint, 40, 43Boquet, Damien, 3, 16, 47, 56Boring, Edward, 229Boulnois, Olivier, 44Bourdieu, Pierre, 139Boureau, Alain, 44–45Bowlby, John, 99, 224Brave New World, 242breast cancer: psychosomatic medicine in, 83–84, 87–88; psychosomatic shift to, in Germany, 91–92; shift away from emotion-based carcinogenesis, 92–93; treatments, 88–89Brogi, Carlo: background, 150–151; Mantegazza pain mimicry studies, 139–40, 151–53; Practical Notes on Posing for the Photographic Portrait, 151Brogi, Giacomo, 150Brown, Norman O., 229Buridan, Jean, 53Burke, Edmund, 228Burlingham, Dorothy, 98C. cadavers: anonymity of, 135–36; care of, 128–29; cause of death, importance of, 127; odor abatement, 128; repugnance for, 121, 127, 128; tools and techniques for dissecting, 129Caietanus, Thomas de Vio, 53Callard, Felicity, 5, 17cancer: drug therapy, 72; early detection test, 70–71; historiography, 68; humoral pathology in onset, 68–69; psychosomatic models in, 69; treatment to restore productivity, 77–78. See also breast cancercancer psyche: in 1930s Germany, 75–77; anthroposophic movement studies, 70–72; childhood trauma in, 71–72Cannon, Walter B., 9, 85Casagrande, Carla, 24cerebral pathology, 167Chesler, Phyllis, 110Chettiar, Teri, 96child development: emotions in, 192–93; importance of, 191–92child guidance clinics, 99–101childhood: effects of deprivation, 100; wartime effects on, 98–99chlorpromazine, 209, 214Christian anthropology, 23, 25, 28, 45cinematography, use in medicine, 183Cistercians, 47; on consent, 27–28; treatises on the soul, 34–37, 42–43Clinical-Therapeutical Institute, 70–71cluster analysis, 222Cobbe, Frances Power, 144–45, 147Cohen, Sydney, 240, 245, 246Cohen-Hanegbi, Naama, 16, 29Cole, Jonathan, 209–12Committee on Psychiatry of the National Academy of Sciences–National Research Council, 209complexional theory, 54Condivi, Ascanio, 121Conolly, William E., 4Constantine the African, 29, 37, 46contrition, 40, 53cool emotionology, 15, 16, 162Cornell University, 88Crandall, Ernest C., 196Cressé, Pierre, 133Curtis, Scott, 182, 189D. da Forlì, Jacopo, 51d’Acquapendente, Girolamo Fabrici, 132Danziger, Kurt, 22Daquin, Antoine, 134Darwin, Charles: on disgust, 157; influences Mantegazza, 138, 140, 148–49, 154, 155, 157, 161; in positivism, 138Daston, Lorraine, 14d’Autriche, Marie-Thérèse, 134David of Dinant, 39de Cyon, Elie, 9de Mainieri, Maino, 33deinstitutionalization, 111Deleuze, Gilles, 232–33Delgado, José M. R., 241–42Deutsch, Felix, 74, 79Deutsch, Helene, 96–97Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM), 163Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-III), 164, 205, 212, 213Dichter, Ernest, 229Dionis, Pierre, 132–34dissections: affective dimensions of, 136; anatomy theater requirements, 131; Goethe attends, 123–24; as object of social consumption, 133–35; public attendance at, 130–33; task allotment in, 129–30; tools and techniques for, 129. See also anatomyDixon, Thomas, 22Dominicus Gundissalinus, 46“double bind,” 108drive-reduction theory, 246–47Dror, Otniel E., 147, 206drugs: clinical testing of, 209–11; as diagnostic tool, 205Dubois, Jacques, 128Duchenne de Boulogne, 152Dunbar, Helen Flanders, 84Duns Scotus, 43–44, 52E. Educational Film Magazine, 194Educational Screen, 195, 196Edwards, Thomas C., 185electrical brain stimulation, 235, 239; in Miller studies, 243; orgasm model, 246emotional communities, 6, 12, 17, 29“emotional turn,” 1emotions: accidents of the soul, 31; in animals, 32; body and soul integrated, 31–32; body functioning in, 50; body-soul balance in, 55; class differences in, 34; classified, 39; disputes in medieval thought, 26–29; in early medical science, 29–30; Gentile’s materialistic view of, 53–54; John of Rupella liberates from sin, 40–41; medical texts dealing with, 62–63; medical theories on, 49; medical treatment, 32–34; medieval psychology of faculties, 38–39; medieval studies, 21–22; medieval usage, 23–24; “nonnaturals,” the six, 31, 54; passions, two movements of, 56; passions of alacrity, 39; physical nature of, 52–53, 56–57; shift in medieval thought, 44–45; as term, 23–24; treated by lifestyle changes, 33–34; treated by medicine, 32–33; William of Saint-Thierry on virtue, 39–40; Wundt’s model, 165–66Engel, George, 92Engstrom, Eric J., 12, 17, 221Enlightenment, 6episodic anxiety, 215–16Erigius, Jacobus, 125–26Estéfano of Seville, 64Estienne, Charles, 128, 131, 132The Evaluation of Pharmacotherapy in Mental Illness (conference), 209, 221The Expression of Emotions in Man and Animals, 148Evans, Elida, 83–84, 87F. “faculty of alacrity,” 39Fagon, Guy-Crescent, 134Falcucci, Niccolo, 62fear, 33Fear, 141Fénelon, 134Ferenzci, Sandor, 105Finesinger, Jacob E., 193Fink, Max: on affect, 219–22; expert observation approach, 222–23; “intimate geographies,” 225; panic disorder case, 216–19; separation anxiety, 224First International Psychosomatic Cancer, Study Group, 90first movements of feeling, 26–28. See also emotionsFleck, Ludwik, 13, 128Fontenelle, Bernard Le Boivier de, 124four temperaments, 54–55, 58–59Fourth International Congress for the Care of the Mentally Ill, 177Freeman, Frank N., 197, 198Freud, Anna, 96, 99Freud, Sigmund: adaptations, 228–29; mother-child relationship, 97Friedan, Betty, 110, 229Fromm-Reichmann, Frieda, 105, 106, 107G. Galen, 50, 58–59, 61Galison, Peter, 14Gaupp, Robert, 196Gentile da Foligno, 53Gerard, Ralph, 1, 209–10German Cancer Society, 77–78German Institute for Psychological Research and Psychotherapy, 76German Research Council, 78Goethe, Johann Wolfgang von, 123–24Goldfarb, Bill, 99Gómez Barroso, Pedro, 64Göring, Matthias, 76Grace, William J., 88Greene, Nelson L., 196Gregory the Great, 26, 28, 37Griesinger, Wilhelm, 167Grinker, Roy, 86Groddeck, Georg: background, 73; female sexual impulses in cancer, 74–75; “It” as governing life force, 73–75; psychosomatics of cancer, 67, 69Guido Guidi (Estienne), 131Günther, Walther, 194, 196, 198H. Hagner, Michael, 6Hajdu-Gimes, Lilly, 105Haley, Jay, 108Hall, G. Stanley, 191, 193, 196, 249Haller, Albertus, 239Hargreaves, Ronald, 99Harrington, Anne, 3, 16Harvard Laboratory, 188Hatfield, Gary, 22Hays, William, 199health education films: audience development for, 182–83; common format, 184–85; criticized, 182, 196–98; displays of emotions in, 188–90; Feind im Blut, 184, 186, 187; for sexual education, 179–80, 181–82, 186, 187Healy, David, 225–26Heath, Robert G., 234Hebb, Donald O., 231Heidelberg School of Psychosomatics, 76Heseler, Baldasar, 125–27Hillside Hospital experiments, 212–19Hippocrates, 35, 57, 164Hitzer, Bettina, 16Hobbes, Thomas, 228Hoefer, Carolyn, 198Hoff, Paul, 166Hogarty, Gerard, 113holistic medicine, 31Holt, L. Emmett, 191Horkheimer, Max, 6Horney, Karen, 96“hospitalism,” 98–99Hugh of Saint Victor, 38Hulbert, Ann, 191Hull, Clark L., 232Hume, David, 228Huxley, Aldous, 242hylomorphism, 38, 43, 53, 55I. ibn al-ʿAbbas al-Mağūsī, ʿAlī (Haly Abbas) 30ibn Isḥāq, Ḥunayn (Johannitius), 29–30ibn Ridwān, Alī (Haly Rodoan), 59ibn Sînâ, Abu 'Ali al-Husayn (Avicenna), 32imipramine, 214, 215–16intelligence testing, 191–92, 198Isaac of Stella, 35Istituto di Studi Superiori, 140, 144Italian Photographic Society, 150J. Jacopo Berengario da Carpi, 130Jacquart, Danielle, 59James, William, 4, 7, 9James of Venice, 46John of Damascus, 30, 41John of Rupella/La Rochelle, 40–41John of Toledo, 33Jones, Kathleen, 100, 101joy, 31Judge Baker Guidance Center, 101Jung, Carl Gustav, 104K. Kaelin, Werner, 70–72Kant, Immanuel, 228, 241Kaplan, Cora, 243Keith, Edan, 198Kemp, Martin, 135Kety, Seymour, 109Klein, Donald: on affect, 219–22; expert observation approach, 222–23; “intimate geographies,” 225; panic disorder case, 216–19; separation anxiety, 224Klemm, Matthew, 57Knuuttila, Simo, 52Kohler, Robert E., 3–4Kraepelin, Emil: artificial insanity approach, 169–70; classifies manic-depressive illness, 172–74; clinical research on insanity, 170–72; contributions, 178–79; develops diagnostic techniques, 171–72; diagnostic cards, 171, 221; on emotions, 165–66; expands research, 177; on melancholy, 174; on Meynert, 168; project in psychiatric epidemiology, 176–77; promotes psychological experimentation, 168–70; temperaments, 175–76Kretz, Johannes, 72Kütemeyer, Wilhelm: Hodgkin’s lymphoma case study, 80; psychic structure in cancer, 80–82L. Lacan, Jacques, 229, 242, 243Ladies’ Home Journal, 102Laing, Ronald D., 109Lampe, Felix, 194, 196Lamy, Guillaume, 132–33The Legends of Flowers, 147Le Goff, Jacques, 30Lemoine, Michel, 37Leonardo da Vinci, 121, 152Lévy, Jean-Benoît, 185Lieutaud, Joseph, 121–122, 123, 128Lilly, John C., 227, 233, 234, 238, 242, 244, 245, 246Lincoln School, 198Lindsay, Vachel, 193Littré, Alexis, 124Lobstein, Johann Friedrich, 123Lombard, Peter, 28Lombroso, Cesare, 142, 151, 153, 161, 163love: Aelred on, 36; Mantegazza studies, 140, 142, 149; as passion, 39, 40, 42, 52. See also mother loveLudolf Krehl Clinic, 78Luhrmann, Tanya, 114–15M. Macintyre, John, 183Magendie, François, 143Maino de Maineri, 61Manardi, Giovanni, 64–65Mandressi, Rafael, 7, 17manic depression, 172–74Mantegazza, Paolo: Atlante della espressione del dolore, 141, 150, 151, 152–53, 154, 155, 157, 161; Atlas of Pain, 153, 154–59; background, 140–41; classifies pain, 142, 149; colonialist bias in photos, 155–59, 160–61; cultural differences in pain observances, 154–59; Darwin correspondence, 148–49; develops anthropometry, 153; on disgust, 157; emotions in plants, 147; on hierarchy of sensitivity, 146; photography as means to objectivity, 147–48; Physiology of Pain, 141; science, political aim of, 138; sexual bias of, 147; works, 141Marcuse, Herbert, 229Maria Theresa of Austria, 134Martín-Moruno, Dolores, 13, 17Maslow, Abraham, 232, 233, 240–41, 248; on nirvana model, 245Massachusetts General Hospital, 93Matteucci, Carlo, 138McClelland, David C., 233McGill University, 231McVaugh, Michael, 59–60medical anthropology, 78–80medical holism, 69–70medical science, Renaissance revival, 29–31medicine: in altering humors, 59; class differences in treatment, 34; holistic, 31; passion theory, 32; to treat emotions, 32; in treating soul, 49; and emotions, 59–61, 63–64medieval affective psychology, 24–26Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 93Mental Hygiene, 102mental illness, classifying, 164Mercer, Colin, 228Méry, Jean, 124Meumann, Ernst, 191–92Meyer, Adolf, 84Meynert, Theodor, 167–68Michelangelo Buonarroti, 121Mielke, Fred, 83Mill, John Stuart, 7Miller, Neal E., 231, 233, 244, 247Milner, Peter, 228, 231, 236Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory, 87Mitscherlich, Alexander, 81–83Mitscherlich, Margarete, 82Mondino de’ Liuzzi, 129Montagnana, Bartolomeo, 63morality in medicine, 61–62“morality of intention,” 27Mosso, Angelo, 141, 162mother love: changing ideals of, 95–96; in child development, 97–98; in childhood development, 99; contributions of women analysts, 96–97, 105–6; historical views on, 95–96; Sechehaye duplicates in therapy, 105–6mothers: blamed for dysfunctional personalities, 101; blamed for wartime psychoneurosis, 101–3Motion Picture Producers and Distributors of America, 199Münsterberg, Hugo, 188Museum of Anthropology and Ethnology (Florence, Italy), 153N. Nagy, Piroska, 3, 16, 47NARSAD, 112National Alliance for the Mentally Ill, 112National Health Council, 185National Institute of Mental Health, 209National Research Council, 209, 229National Socialism, 72, 81“natural things,” 31Neckham, Alexander, 39Neuropsychiatry, 167–68New York City Cancer Institute, 87nirvana, 246Niven, Larry, 237, 242“nonnaturals,” the six, 31, 54O. Oelwein Register, 113Olds, James: consumption theory, 247–48; discovers pleasure center, 230–32Olds, Marianne E., 230Olesko, Kathryn M., 3–4Oliphant, Eve, 94, 112Oresme, Nicholas, 56, 57original sin, 27–28, 41, 44P. Paaw, Pieter, 132pain: classifying, 142; compassion in, 149–50; individual variations in, 142; Mantegazza on anesthesia, 139; nature of, 141; quantifying, 142panic disorder: origin story, 216–19; recognized in DSM, 205, 215Parents of Adult Schizophrenics, 111–12Parnes, Jean, 198Parsons, Talcott, 231passions: contributing force to soul, 43–44; William of Thierry distinguishes, 37–38, 39–40. See also emotionsPatin, Guy, 127Pellegrinus, 125penitential process, emotions in, 40Perrin, George M., 92personality tests, 87Pestalozzi, Johann Heinrich, 195Peter of Abano, 57–58, 65Peter of Spain, 55–56Philip the Chancellor, 39photography, tool to reduce scientists’ emotions, 139–40The Photoplay, 188Physiology of Hate, 141The Physiology of Pleasure, 140, 142Pierce, Irene, 92Plato, 232Platter, Félix, 126–27, 128, 132pleasure: behaviorists and, 233–35; in brain substance, 232–33; discovered, 230–32; emergence of, 228; neurophysiology and, 235Porretanus, Gilbertus, 28Practical Notes on Posing for the Photographic Portrait, 151Prodger, Phillip, 148psychiatric hospitals, research in, 178–79psychiatric rating scales, 212psychoanalysis, revealing aim of disease, 79psychology: emerges as discipline, 22–23; medieval affective, 26; as term, 23“psychology of faculties,” 26Psychology Today, 203, 207psychosomatic medicine: American school, 84–85, 89; breast cancer patients, 83–84, 87–88; in cancer, 72, 73; Groddeck and cancer, 73–75; personality tests in, 87; physiological changes from emotions, 85–86; pioneering physicians, 72–73; post–WWII Germany, 82–83Psychosomatic Medicine, 88R. Rado, Sandor, 240, 245Rarig, Arthur, 195Reddy, William M., 6Rejlander, Oscar Gustav, 151–52“Renaissance of twelfth century,” 30–31Richard of Saint Vicar, 38Riolan, Jean, 123, 127Riskin, Jessica, 14Rorschach Method of Personality Diagnosis, 87Rose, Hilary, 9Rosen, John, 105, 107Rosenwein, Barbara H., 6Royal College (Paris), 131Rüdin, Ernst, 177Rümke, H. C., 221Ryle, Gilbert, 239S. Salutati, Coluccio, 122San Francisco Redstockings, 110Saturday Evening Post, 102Savonarola, Michele, 62Schiff, Moritz, 144schizophrenia: bad parents and, 95; biological approach to, 103–4, 112; biological research, 110, 112; as brain disorder, 103–4; family dynamics in (Laing), 109; family role discredited, 113–14; hereditary basis for, 109; modern approach, 114–15; pharmaceutical options, 110, 111; politics of mother blaming, 110–12; psychoeducation approach, 113; psychotherapeutic treatment for, 104–6; role of schizophrenogenic mother, 106–9Schultz-Hencke, Harald, 76Schwing, Gertrude, 105science: Augustine distinguishes term, 23The Screen, 194Sechehaye, Marguerite, 105–6Selesnick, Sheldon, 94self-stimulating studies: criticized, 238; monkeys, 238; rats, 235–37, 243Selye, Hans, 86, 90, 91Sem-Jacobsen, C. W., 233separation anxiety, 224Sharpless, Seth, 231Sherrington, Charles Scott, 239Sibum, Otto, 12Siebeck, Richard, 77, 78Simmel, Ernst, 74Simon of Tournai, 28sin: Abelard on, 26–28; early Church debates, 26–28, 64; before the Fall, 40–41; and the will, Augustine on, 27; will engages, 26–28Siraisi, Nancy, 59–60Skinner, B.F., 233, 236, 242, 249Slaughter, John Willis, 192Smalheiser, Irwin, 87–88, 92soul, the: Cistercians integrate affectivity into, 35–36; dependent on will, 26–27; double sensitivity distinction, 28–29; monastic anthropology on, 38–39; scientia de anima studies, 46–47; in sense of psychology, 23; studied as psychology in urban schools, 25–26, 28; treatises on, 35, 39; unified with body, 40–41. See also affects, passionsSpitz, Rene, 98–99Spitzer, Robert, 205Stearns, Carol Z., 5Stearns, Peter N., 5, 15, 162Stein, Larry, 233Steiner, Rudolf, 70, 72Stellar, Eliot, 233Stephenson, James H., 88Strecker, Edward, 101–2stress concept, the, 86, 89–90Suchantke, Gerhard, 70–71, 72Sullivan, Harry Stack, 107super-pleasure: background, 229–30; brain architecture, 240; in fiction, 242–43; higher and lower pleasures, 241–42; implications, 240–41; nirvana model, 245; orgasm template, 243; perpetuum, import of, 248–49; positioning, 239Sutherland, Arthur, 93T. Tarlau, Milton, 87–88, 92Task Force on Nomenclature and Statistics, 205Tavistock Clinic, 99Tavris, Carol, 239Terman, Lewis, 191–92, 198tests, psychological, 211Their Mothers’ Sons, 102Thomas Aquinas, Saint, 22, 25, 28, 40; higher power of the soul, 51–52; treatise of passions, 42–43Thompson, Clara, 107Thrift, Nigel, 4Tietze, Trude, 106–7Time, 102Tommaso del Garbo, 54Torrey, E. Fuller, 113Tusiggnano, Petrus, 60–61type C personality, 88–90U. unitary psychoses, 166–67University of Chicago, 197University of Padua, 140, 144V. Valenstein, Elliot S., 236–37van Baerle, Caspar, 134Vecchio, Silvana, 24–25Vesalius, Andreas, 124–26, 128, 130, 135Vicq d’Azyr, Félix, 122, 123Victoria Street Society, 145Vidal, Fernando, 22virtue, 39–40vivisection, 138, 145, 146, 147, 160. See also animal experimentsvon Bergmann, Gustav, 84von Weizsäcker, Viktor, 77, 84, 91W. Wallis, Faith, 60Washington Post, 102Watson, John B., 192Wegman, Ita, 72Wender, Paul, 203–5, 207Wernicke, Karl, 167West German Medical Association, 82Westphal, Carl Friedrich Otto, 206–7White, Paul, 143Whytt, Robert, 228will: the passions of alacrity, 39; in Christian thought, 41-43William of Auxerre, 39William of Ockham, 53William of Saint-Thierry, 27–28Williams, Frankwood, 100Williams, Raymond, 5, 8wine: as curative, 33; physical effect, 55Winnicott, Donald, 97–98Women and Madness, 110World Congress on Psychiatry, 112World Health Organization, 99Wundt, Wilhelm, 165–66, 168Wylie, Philip, 102Y. The Year 3000, 137, 138, 162 Previous article DetailsFiguresReferencesCited by Osiris Volume 31, Number 12016History of Science and the Emotions Published for the History of Science Society Article DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1086/689275 © 2016 by The History of Science Society. All rights reserved.PDF download Crossref reports no articles citing this article.
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