Correction of instrumental biases in historical sea surface temperature data
1995; Wiley; Volume: 121; Issue: 522 Linguagem: Inglês
10.1256/smsqj.52205
ISSN1477-870X
Autores Tópico(s)Arctic and Antarctic ice dynamics
ResumoQuarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological SocietyVolume 121, Issue 522 p. 319-367 Article Correction of instrumental biases in historical sea surface temperature data C. K. Folland, Corresponding Author C. K. Folland Meteorological Office, UKHadley Centre for Climate Prediction and Research, Meteorological Office, London Road, Bracknell, Berkshire RG12 2SY, UKSearch for more papers by this authorD. E. Parker, D. E. Parker Meteorological Office, UKSearch for more papers by this author C. K. Folland, Corresponding Author C. K. Folland Meteorological Office, UKHadley Centre for Climate Prediction and Research, Meteorological Office, London Road, Bracknell, Berkshire RG12 2SY, UKSearch for more papers by this authorD. E. Parker, D. E. Parker Meteorological Office, UKSearch for more papers by this author First published: January 1995 Part B https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.49712152206Citations: 220AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onEmailFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat Abstract We describe a physically based empirical technique for correcting historical sea surface temperature measurements for time-varying biases. The corrections are based on models of heat and moisture transfers from uninsulated (canvas) and partially insulated (wooden) sea temperature buckets exposed on deck. One of the canvas bucket models is tested using measurements on board ship and published wind-tunnel measurements. The method gives geographically and seasonally varying bias corrections through the period 1856 to 1941. The corrections are fairly insensitive to uncertainties such as the size of the bucket or the details of its exposure on deck. A discussion of the history of sea surface temperature observations provides a background to the procedure. The resulting globally and seasonally averaged sea surface temperature corrections increase from 0.11 degC in 1856 to 0.42 degC by 1940. The corrections are compatible with recent measurements made at sea of the errors of canvas buckets. Global and hemispheric time series of corrected sea surface temperature and night marine air temperature data show good agreement: more detailed verifications of the corrections will be reported elsewhere. References Admiralty Hydrographic Department 1938 In Admiralty weather manual, pp. 28–29. 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