Index
2018; Emerald Publishing Limited; Linguagem: Inglês
10.1108/s1571-504320180000024017
ISSN1571-5043
ResumoCitation (2018), "Index", Authenticity & Tourism (Tourism Social Science Series, Vol. 24), Emerald Publishing Limited, Bingley, pp. 327-338. https://doi.org/10.1108/S1571-504320180000024017 Publisher: Emerald Publishing Limited Copyright © 2018 Emerald Publishing Limited INDEX “Abyss of authenticity”, 242, 251 “Accumulative existential authenticity”, 37 Activity-related authenticity. See Existential authenticity Addiction, 75 Adirondack Park State Land Master Plan, 222–223 Adventure tourism, 208, 209 Affectivity of light shows, 194–196 African drum, 95–96 Alienation, 10–11, 219, 230, 231, 232 Altruism, 246–247 American Oil Company (Amoco), 98 American wilderness, 231 Amiens Chroma, 193 “Amoco Renegades”, 98 Angkor Wat, 239 Animating monumental buildings, 181 ANOVA tests, 121 Anthropocentric wilderness, 206 Antiquities Act (1906), 222 “Architectural agency”, 182 Archival analysis, 79 Arts, 168 Atmosphere, 66, 195 Attributes of experience, 66 Augenblick , 238 “Aura”, 184 Aurora borealis, 196 Authentic “Hot Dog”, 159–160 Authentic ecotourism, 203 activities, 202, 212 Authentic encounters, 38, 48–51 Authentic experiences, 203 Authentic food, 155 quotes from participants on authenticity of food, 156 themes, 158 Authentic inquiry, 38, 41–43 Authentic production, 38, 43–48 Authentic representations, 35 Authentic resource, 105 Authentic self, 230 Authentic wilderness, 206, 223, 232 of Bible, 225 Authenticating mechanisms, 222 Authentication, 7–9, 170, 217 cool, 23, 37–38, 72, 182, 219, 220, 222, 232 cool top-down, 234 hot, 9, 72, 182, 195, 219, 226, 228, 233 mechanism, 230 place, 20 process, 9, 72, 182, 195, 219, 226–228, 233 psychological, 233 turn, 7–9 See also Wilderness authentication Authenticity, 2, 18–29, 103–106, 182, 202, 206, 217–218, 219, 231, 240, 246 constructive, 3–4, 111, 229 cool, 8 debate, 206–208 of ecotourism philosophy, 202 embodied subjective, 72 emergent, 72 existential, 5–6, 37, 55, 111, 131, 161, 229–230 of food, 152 in gastronomic experiences, 148–152 in hospitality, 152 hot, 8 interpersonal, 6–7 intrapersonal, 6 negotiated, 56 object, 169 object centric, 131 object-related, 131 objective, 3, 72, 111, 167–168, 229 perceived, 151, 161, 177, 231 perceptions of, 170 performative, 195 in Portugal’s interior rural areas, 111–112 postmodern, 4–5 relationality of, 9–10 staged, 2, 5, 9, 37, 54, 182 subject of, 166 subject-related, 131 subjective, 72 of transformational experiences, 207 Wang’s definition of, 157 wilderness and discourses, 219–234 See also Marketing and authenticity in tourism “Authentitypes”, 182 “Authoritative” cook, 150 Authority, 217–218 Auto-driven photo-elicitation, 146, 148 Autoethnographic reflection altruism, 246–247 Bayon Temple, 238–239 Cambodia, 240–241 egocentrism, egoism, and narcissism in tourists, 247–248 looking-glass self, 240 touring Angkor Wat, 239 tourist identity, 245–246 tourists, 242–245 Awe-inspiring images, 227 Barbados, 90 Barbados Crop Over Festival, 96 Barbados Pan Festival, 97 Barbara, 157 authenticity in food for, 158 Barista, Cafetero to, 24–26 Baroque spectacles, 186 Barthes’ theory of mythologies, 19 Bayon Temple, 238 Behavioral loyalty, 112 Bendix’s work on heritage studies, 1–2 Blackpool illuminations, 187, 196 Bodhisattva. See Lokeśvara stone faces “Bodily feelings”, 6 Bolognese dish, 155–156 Brand positioning, 60 Branding, 60 Brands, 60 Brazil, cacao farm in, 61–62 “Breadfruit tree”, 94 British Museum, 172 British Petroleum Trinidad and Tobago (bp/TT), 98 Buckingham Palace, 181 Cacao farm in Brazil, 11, 54, 57, 61–62 “Cacao honey”, 64 Cafetero to Barista, 24–26 Calypso, 90, 96 Cambodia, 241 “Can opener”, 148 Canterbury Cathedral, 191 Canterbury Christ Church “Golden Night” event, 189 Capital, 76 cultural and personal, 76–78 social, 76 Capitalism, 107, 203, 243 Caribbean countries, 96 Caribbean Industrial Research Institute project (CARIRI project), 101 Caribbean islands, 96 Caribbean region, 90 Carnival in Trinidad, 90 Catch-and-release recreational fishing, 210–212 Cathedrals, 186, 192–193 Celebrating love, 85 Certificates, 170 Chaguanas, 91 Chamars , 100 Chocolate factory, authenticity of, 66 Chroma show (2017), 192 “Chromolithe polychromatic illumination system”, 192 “Cinematic mode”, 195 “City of love”. See Verona Citywide shows, 187 Cochrane’s theories, 196 Coconstruction model of culture, 115 Coffea plants, 24 Cognitivization, 185 Collective discourse, 221 Colombia-coffee coupling, 29 Commodification, 170 Communication, 55–56, 67 efforts, 55 marketing, 60 Communitas , 6, 48, 246 Community-based ecotourism, 203 Constructive and symbolic modes of wilderness, 223–229 Constructivism, 4 Constructivists, 168 Consumerism, 203 Cooking process, 150 Cool authentication, 23, 37–38, 72, 182, 219, 220, 222, 232 “Cool” authenticity, 8 Corporeal body, 134 “Corrupting reality”, 184 Cottage Rathbaun Farm Co. Galway, 139 Country-of-origin, 16 Country-of-origin effect (COE), 17 Crafts, 168 Crop Over Festival, 96, 97 Crumbling courtyard, 238 Cuff boom, 92 Culinary tourism, 146–147 Cultural/culture adaptations or development, 105 appropriation, 95 capital, 76–78 coconstruction model of, 115 decay, 105 geography, 241 heritage, 110 landscape, 45 mass, 243 piracy, 95 product, 93 responses, 196 “Cultural baggage” translocation, 91 Cultural tourism, 247 scholarship, 242 Darkness, 186, 195, 224, 235 Data collection and analysis, 62–64 Day-visits, 62–63 “De-reification”, 233 “Deep Time” light show, 194 Deontological ethics, 211 Deontology, 207 Destination authenticity, 27–29 image, 18–29 Deuteronomy, 225 Dhantal , 100 Digital camera, 148 Digital natives, 172–173 Disney realism, 194 Disney World, 170 Disneyland Park in California, 4 Distanciation, 185 Drumming arts, 98, 100 East Indians, 100 Eco-fishing, 210 Ecocentric wilderness, 206 Ecotourism, 202–204, 208 authenticity debate, 206–208 NBT and ecotourism, 208–215 organizational framework to incorporate ethics in, 205 philosophy, 207 Ecotourist Predisposition Scale, 206–207 Educational tourism, 208 Egocentrism in tourists, 247–248 Egoism in tourists, 247–248 Embodied performance of photography, 130 Emotional/emotions, 208 attachments, 130 components, 65 intensity, 185 “Enchanted castles”, 194 Engine room, 93 Ethical use of animals, 204 European Interreg project Cathedrales, 191 Evaluation, 120 Existential enactments of wilderness, 229–234 Existentialism, 207 Experience, 56–57 attributes, 66 to marketing studies, 54 Experiential marketing, 54, 55, 59 Extractive tourism, 208 Extraordinary experience, 57 Facebook, 35 “Fake-to-real-to-fake” concept, 196 Fantasmagorie of magic lantern, 186 Fantasy of authenticity, 232–233 Festivals of light, 187, 189 “First effective settlement” concomitant, 91 First-order simulacrum, 193 First-order tourists, 244 Fishing, 206, 208 authenticity debate, 206–208 as ecotourism, 202–204 NBT and ecotourism, 208–215 organizational framework to incorporate ethics in, 205 Focus group conversation, 154 Fondling, 75 Food, 42 authenticity, 152 food-elicitation, 146, 153, 160 tourism, 146 “Foodies”, 146, 151, 153, 162 Fortified historic cities, 185 Fourth-order tourists, 244 Freed Africans, 92 From Congo Drum to Steelband , 99 Frustration, 241 Game Ranger, 214 Gastronomic experiences authentic Bolognese sauce themes, 157 authentic food, 155–158 authentic “Hot Dog”, 159–160 authenticity, 146, 148–152 benefits of photo-elicitation, 149 interviews, 154–155 qualities to framing authentic food, 151 questioning authenticity, 160–162 setting table, 153–154 study methodology, 147–148 Generated authenticity, 34 Geographic specificity, 151 Geography of tourism, 16 GIS techniques, 90 Global Ecotourism Network (GEN), 202 Globalization, 150 Goldfish (Carassius auratus), 211 GPS techniques, 90 Grenada, 90 Héctor Serano’s Reduced Carbon Footprint Souvenirs, 172 Heidegger’s theories, 7 Heritage, 103–106, 110 effect, 182 Historic buildings, 196 “Historical consciousness”, 191 “Historical verisimilitude”, 138 Historicism, 151 Holetown and Oistins Fish Festival, 97 Holograms, 183, 196 Hospitality, authenticity in, 152 “Hot” authentication process, 9, 72, 182, 195, 219, 226, 228, 233 Human habitation, 221 Hunting, 206, 208 authenticity debate, 206–208 as ecotourism, 202–204 NBT and ecotourism, 208–215 organizational framework to incorporate ethics in, 205 organizations, 213 safaris to ecotourism development in Zambia, 212–215 Hydroformimg process, 101 Hyperreal, 5, 183, 185, 192 experience, 188 phenomenon, 194 Hyperreal light simulacra Affectivity of Light Shows, 194–196 illuminating hyperreality, 182–185 light show evolution, 186–188 monumental historic architecture, 185–186 Son et Lumiére performances, 188–194 Hyperreal-authenticity, 196 Hyperreality, 5, 182 illuminating, 182–185 theories, 182 “Illuminated interior” of spaces, 186 Illumination of global landmarks, 187 “Image texts”, 136 Image-based studies, 147 Imagineer authenticity, 196 Implacement, 20 “Implacing” wine mythologies in Napa valley, 20–24 In situ production, 177 In vivo production, 177 Inauthenticity of tourism spaces, 4 Indigenous community, 206 Indigenous tourism, 206, 209 Indo-Trinidadians, 100 Information and appeal, 35 Instinctive precognitive qualities, 195 Institutional recognition, 97 Instrumentalization, 185 Intelligent tourists, 75 Interaction, 169 International Ecotourism Society, 202 Internet search, 227 Interrelated methods, 79 “Invaders”, 94 Iran, 34 diverse landscapes, 45 Ireland, experiences of, 137–142 “The Isle of Spice”. See Grenada “Italian Model” of coffee culture, 24 Italian tomato sauce, 158 Jamaica, 96 Juliet’s balcony, 72, 73, 76, 78, 79, 87 Juliet’s secretaries, 84 Jura, 101, 102 Kale Pacheh , 42 Kissing, 75, 77, 83 The Land of Steelband and Calypso, 90, 94 “The Land of the Flying Fish”. See Barbados Landscape, 218 characteristics, 220 posts, 46 Laser illustrations, 187 LED, 188 Letters to Juliet , 74 “Lichtarchitektur”, 187 “Lichtdom”, 187 Light displays, 196 The Light of the Spirit , 193 Light show(s), 184, 190 affectivity of, 194–196 brilliance of Son et Lumière , 188–194 evolution, 186 experiential authenticity, 186–187 static display, 187–188 Lighting, 184, 194–195 performances, 182 Likert scale, 120 Loach (Misgurnus fossilis), 211 Lobster Capital of Canada, 146 Local authenticity, 110 Localization, 150 Lokeśvara stone faces, 238 Lonely Planet , 77 Looking-glass self, 240–248 Love, romance, and behavior, 73 cultural and personal capital, 76–78 Juliet’s balcony, 78, 79 research findings, 80–85 study methodology, 79–80 Lower races, 96 Luangwa Game Park, 213 “Lumiere 2013” event, 187 “Madness from the gods”, 73 Madness mania, 75 Magic lantern, 184, 186, 194 “Maltese Scene”, 131 Manufacturing Time: Global Competition in the Watch Industry , 102 Maps, 182, 220 Market share competition, 102 Marketing and authenticity in tourism, 53 cacao farm in Brazil, 61–62 contributions from marketing to authenticity, 56–67 data collection and analysis, 62–64 experiential marketing and authenticity, 59 farm photographed in, 2017, 62 tourism destination branding and authenticity, 60–61 tourists in cacao plantation, 63 tourists in chocolate factory, 63 See also Authenticity Marketing communication, 60 Mass culture, 243 Mass customization service, 171 “Mass hordes” of tourists, 2 Mass tourists, 244 Mass-production techniques, 184 Material ideology, 185 Memorable gastronomic experiences (MGEs), 146, 147, 153, 155, 160 See also Gastronomic experiences Memory distortion types, 185 Mentifact, 99 Modern eye, 192 Modern panoramas, 187 Modernism, 184 Moniliophth perniciosa , 61 Monumental historic architecture, 185–186 Multitude of associations, 2 Museum-linked usage, 3 My First Summer in the Sierra , 228 Napa Valley, 27 “implacing” wine mythologies in, 20–24 “Napa-in-relation”, 22 Narcissism, 248 in tourists, 247–248 Narrativization, 185 National icon, authenticity of, 90 Caribbean region, 90 origins of Steelpan, 91–106 Panyard Locations in Trinidad and Tobago, 91 National Wilderness Preservation System, 222 Native music-making, 95 Natural History Museum, 189 Nature retreats, 208 Nature tourism, 230 Nature tourists, 233 Nature-based tourism (NBT), 202, 206, 208 activities, 208–209 catch-and-release recreational fishing, 210–212 and ecotourism, 208 hunting safaris to ecotourism development in Zambia, 212–215 organizational framework for NBT products, 210 research on, 209–210 See also Rural tourism in Portugal New York’s Metropolitan museum, 172 Newspaper media, 46 9–15 Minutes Group, 83–84 Non-conforming structure, 223 Nsefu Game Reserve, 214 NVIVO 10 qualitative data software, 137 Object–place relationship, 174 Object–place–person relationship, 174–176 Ogun, 99, 107 Olive Garden, 154, 162 Oliver St. John Gogarty’s Bar in Temple Bar, Dublin, 141 Omelet, 100 1 or 2 Minutes Visits, 81–82 Ordinary experience, 57 “Pan Under the Trees”. See Barbados Pan Festival PANYARD, INC. Company, 102 Participant-Driven Photo-Elicitation, 148 Passage Werk , 186 Performative turn, 7–9 Performativity, 219 Perodicticus potto , 213 Personal capital, 76–78 Personal connections, 151 Personalization, 171–173 enhancement through, 177–178 Person–place relationship, 176–177 Photo-elicitation, 146, 147, 160 benefits, 149 Photographic safaris, 215 Photographs/photography, 135, 136, 147 Physical aspects, 58, 66 Place authentication, 20 branding, 54, 55–56 identity, 55, 55–56 image, 55–56 The Port of Spain Gazette , 96 Portugal’s interior rural areas, 110 authenticity in, 111–112 local authenticity, 110 Post-fieldwork conversations, 245 Post-tourists, 168 Postmodern authenticity, 4–5 Postmodern tourism, 168 Postmodernism, 182 The Precession of the Simulacra , 182 Product categories, 20, 24 customization, 171 mythologies, 27–29 personalization, 171 product-based destination, 23 Product Country Image (PCI), 18 Product geography, 16 authenticity, 18–29 Cafetero to Barista, 24–26 destination image, 18–29 “implacing” wine mythologies in Napa valley, 20–24 product mythologies and destination authenticity, 27–29 Projection mapping software, 188 techniques, 196 Promotion efforts, 55 “Provincial expectations”, 132 “Proximity and in-between-ness” of performative authenticity, 182 Pseudo-events, 54, 182, 194 alienation, 10–11 to authentic experiences, 1 authentication and performative turn, 7–9 authenticity, 2–11 tourism studies, 2–11 Psychological authentication processes, 233 Psychological enactments of wilderness, 229–234 Psychologists, 74 Rainbow trout, 211 Reanimating fortified buildings, 186 Rebellion, 95–101 Reconstructive mania, 183 Recreational fishing, 212 Redfoot’s second-order tourist, 246 Religion, history of, 95–101 Representations, 35 Reproduction jeopardize aura, 184 Resistance, 95–101 Rhythm section of steelband, 93 Rivalry, 95–101 “Rivers of Light” show, 194 Rocket science, 94 Romantic love, 74, 75, 77 Romeo and Juliet (Shakespeare), 74 Romeo and Juliet effect, 74–76, 85 Rosy-colored resurrection, 192 Rules of appearances, 189 Rural heritage, 110 Rural tourism in Portugal, 112 economic operators, 119 entity respondents, 120 evolution of indicators, 114 evolution of indicators of national tourism, 113 interior rural areas, 110–112 research design, 115–116 residents respondents, 119 sample characteristics, 117–120 stakeholders’ perceptions of Schist villages network, 120–123 study methodology, 116–117 test of significance among stakeholder groups, 122 tourist respondents, 118 Scheffe test, 122 Schist Villages in Central Portugal, 115 Schist Villages Network, 114–116 stakeholders’ perceptions, 120–123 Schist Villages Shops, 114–115 Second-order tourists, 244 “See You in Iran” (SYI) Facebook page, 34, 36 authenticity and, 35–38 authenticating UGC on, 38–51 top 10 commented posts, 39 liked posts, 40 posts by category of interpreted authenticity, 39 Self-awareness, 240 Self-destructive methods, 247 Self-making, 6 Service-dominant logic, 56 Shack-shack, 96 Shango , 99 Shediac, 146 Signs of inauthenticity, 245 Silk-screen print and dot technique, 192 “Simplicity”, 151 “Simulacra”, 5, 184, 187 Simulacrum, 184, 188, 189 Slap bass, 92 Sleeping Beauty , 194 Slow food movement, 152 Slow Tourism, 152 Social capital, 76 Social codes, 58 Social media, 34 platforms, 41 sites, 35 Social scientists, 74 Social world, 243 Sociological concept of looking-glass self, 240 Son et lumière performances, 181 brilliance of, 188–194 Sound and light show. See Son et lumière performances Soundscape, 102 Souvenir authenticity, 171–173 Souvenir sellers, 169 “Souvenir” objects, 166 “Spatialized time”, 218 Spectacle of electricity, 187 Spectacle society, 54 Spectrum of light experiences, 196 Sponsorship, 98 Stakeholders’ perceptions of Schist villages network, 120–123 “State of mind”, 159–160 Steel band, 90, 92, 93 music, 93 Steel drum, 94 Steelpan, 90 authenticity, 103–106 events and locations in Trinidad and Tobago, 104 heritage, 103–106 history of religion, rebellion, resistance, and rivalry, 95–101 Makeshift Pantent in Port of Spain with, 105 origins, 91–106 outside of Trinidad, 101–103 true visage of Steelpan movement, 97 Structures, 185 Sustainable tourism, 206, 209 Swiss watch, 101 Symbolic authenticity, 4, 111, 168 Symbolic colors of event, 58 Symbols, 182 Systematic lurking, 79 Tamboo bamboo, 92 “Technological uncanny”, 187 Teleological ethics, 211 Teleology, 207 Terra incognita , 46 Terroir , 20, 21, 150 Theoplacity, 9 Theoretical developments, 54 Third-order hird-order tourists, 244 simulacrum, 182, 184, 189, 196 30 Minutes or More Group, 84–85 Three-dimension (3D) creative consumers, 172 designers, 172 inventors, 172 printed souvenir, 174, 177 printers, 172 printing, 167, 172, 174 program, 184 “3D: Printing the Future” exhibition, 172 tinkerers, 172 3D souvenirs, authenticity in, 166 discourses on authenticity in tourist souvenirs, 167–178 enhancement through personalization, 177–178 object–place relationship, 174 object–place–person relationship, 174–176 personalization and souvenir authenticity, 171–173 person–place relationship, 176–177 (re)constructing authenticity in souvenirs, 169–171 study findings, 173–174 3–7 Minutes Group, 82–83 Time-based groups, 81 Tobago, 91 Top-down authentication, 234 Touching, 75 Tour guide, 65 Tourism, 134, 207, 219, 230 destination branding, 60–61 market, 203 products, 170 resource, 90 Tourist, The , 243–244, 248 Tourist(s), 183, 242–245 bubble, 246 egocentrism, egoism, and narcissism in, 247–248 flows distribution, 117 gaze, 182 identity, 245–246 tourist/local contact, 133 types, 244 Tourists’ photographic constructions of place in Ireland, 130 authentic experiences or staged realities, 133–134 authenticity and, 130, 131, 132 Cottage Rathbaun Farm Co. Galway, 139 experiences of Ireland, 137–142 Oliver St. John Gogarty’s Bar in Temple Bar, Dublin, 141 “real” Ireland, 137–139 “real” people, 139–141 (re)producing place, 134–136 Red-haired Young Man, 140 research design, 136–137 “simple” way of life, 141–143 Thinking of Ireland, 142 Traditional “craft”, 169 Traditional roots, 110 Transcendentalism, 225 Travail , 2 Travel, 246 Travelers, 242 Traveling, 246 Travels in Hyperreality , 183 Tree-to-bar chocolate, 61 Triàngulo del Cafè in Southern Colombia, 25 Trinidad, 96 Steelpan outside, 101–103 Trinidadian artifact, 93 TripAdvisor, 35 commentaries, 80 Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), 211 Trubek’s Taste of Place: A Cultural Journey into Terroir , 150 Turistas vulgaris , 2 Twitter, 35 U2’s 360 World tour, 187 Urry’s analysis, 134 User-generated content (UGC), 34 “Validity of labels”, 104 Vassoura-de-Bruxa plague, 61 Venezuela, cocoa beans producers, 25 Verona, 77, 78 Vineyard, 20, 21 “Virgin forests”, 232 Visual signs and objects, 168 Volunteer Employed Photography, 137 Wang’s definition of constructive authenticity, 157 Wang’s threefold typology of authenticity, 111 “Wild land” experience, 220 Wilderness, 208, 218, 231 landscapes, 228 of psyche, 229 Wilderness Act (1964), 221–223 Wilderness authentication, 218 authenticity, 218–219 cherished traits, 219 constructive and symbolic modes, 223–229 existential and psychological enactments, 229–234 objective notions of wilderness, 220–224 sunrise from Bald Mountain, Adirondacks, 227 wilderness and discourses of authenticity, 219 Wildlife tourism, 208 Wine region, 23 Wine tourism, 21 Word of mouth, 56 World Bank, 210 Book Chapters Prelims Chapter 1 Introduction: From Pseudo-Events to Authentic Experiences Marketing Maneuvers Chapter 2 Looking for Authenticity in Product Geography Chapter 3 “See You in Iran” on Facebook: Assessing User-Generated Authenticity Chapter 4 Marketing and Authenticity in Tourism: A Cacao Farm in Brazil Cultural (Mis)Interpretations Chapter 5 Love, Romance, and Behavior: Finding Juliet, Finding Meaning Chapter 6 Authenticity of a National Icon: The Trinidad Steelpan as a Tourism Resource Chapter 7 Authenticity in Portugal’s Interior Rural Areas Technological Interventions Chapter 8 Tourists’ Photographic Constructions of Place in Ireland Chapter 9 Understanding Authenticity Within Gastronomic Experiences Chapter 10 Digital Revolution or Plastic Gimmick? Authenticity in 3D Souvenirs Chapter 11 Hyperreal Light Simulacra: Performing Heritage Buildings Theoretical Inquiries Chapter 12 Hunting and Fishing as Ecotourism: The Authenticity Debate Chapter 13 Authenticating the Wilderness: Power, Politics, Performance Chapter 14 An Autoethnographic Reflection: Western Elitism in Late Capitalism Afterword: Authenticity and Life References Acknowledgments About the Authors Index
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