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Managing canine vector-borne diseases of zoonotic concern: part one

2009; Elsevier BV; Volume: 25; Issue: 4 Linguagem: Inglês

10.1016/j.pt.2009.01.003

1471-5007

Domenico Otranto, Filipe Dantas‐Torres, Edward B. Breitschwerdt,

Vector-borne infectious diseases

Canine vector-borne diseases (CVBDs) comprise a group of globally distributed and rapidly spreading illnesses that are caused by a range of pathogens transmitted by arthropods including ticks, fleas, mosquitoes and phlebotomine sandflies. In addition to their veterinary importance, some CVBD-causing pathogens are of major zoonotic concern. Recent studies using sophisticated and advanced methodologies and technologies have provided new insights into the epidemiology of many CVBDs. This review is the first of two articles and focuses on the zoonotic relevance of CVBDs, the significance of co-infection and the role of infected but clinically healthy dogs in spreading different pathogens among human and canine populations. Canine vector-borne diseases (CVBDs) comprise a group of globally distributed and rapidly spreading illnesses that are caused by a range of pathogens transmitted by arthropods including ticks, fleas, mosquitoes and phlebotomine sandflies. In addition to their veterinary importance, some CVBD-causing pathogens are of major zoonotic concern. Recent studies using sophisticated and advanced methodologies and technologies have provided new insights into the epidemiology of many CVBDs. This review is the first of two articles and focuses on the zoonotic relevance of CVBDs, the significance of co-infection and the role of infected but clinically healthy dogs in spreading different pathogens among human and canine populations. the simultaneous infection of a vertebrate or an arthropod host by more than one CVBD-causing pathogen. Co-infection is an event mainly linked to high vector-population density and pathogen circulation within an animal population. an infection caused by a pathogen (e.g. some Leishmania spp.) that can be transmitted from dogs to humans via an arthropod vector. animals infected by one or more CVBD-causing pathogens that, in contrast to clinical animals, do not exhibit apparent clinical signs and hematological or biochemical abnormalities. The classification of these animals is based upon both their history and physical examination. an infection of dogs that does not display detectable abnormalities at the physical examination but might present hematological alterations consistent with a chronic, ‘hidden’ infection. This infection is not detectable by usual diagnostic methods and might be recognized by secondary clinical manifestations at first. the interval between infection of an individual by a vector-borne pathogen and the first ability to detect a diagnostic stage of the organism from the vertebrate host. the interval between infection of an individual by a vector-borne pathogen and the appearance of first clinical signs or laboratorial alterations related to the infection.