Index
2021; Emerald Publishing Limited; Linguagem: Inglês
10.1108/s2050-206020210000020006
ISSN2050-2079
ResumoCitation (2021), "Index", Wiest, J.B. (Ed.) Theorizing Criminality and Policing in the Digital Media Age (Studies in Media and Communications, Vol. 20), Emerald Publishing Limited, Bingley, pp. 189-196. https://doi.org/10.1108/S2050-206020210000020006 Publisher: Emerald Publishing Limited Copyright © 2021 Emerald Publishing Limited INDEX Note: Page numbers followed by “n” indicate notes. Active shooter drills, 140 “Aesthetics of objectivity”, 123 Affiliate intrusion, 10 Affiliate victimization, 9, 20 Affordances, 95–98 Aggressive behaviors, 171–173 Algorithms (see also Predictive policing), 48–49 bolder borders with security algorithms, 59–61 context of host countries, 53–54 critical perspectives on security algorithms, 50–52 data and methods, 53 data collection and analysis, 55–56 development of, 147 double security conflict of, 52–53 police risk scoring algorithms, 49 in predictive policing, 48 questioning security algorithms, 57–58 results, 56–57 sampling strategy for refugees and DXs, 54–55 security algorithms, 49–54 understandings on security, 58–59 uses of, 49 Altheide, David, 112–113, 116, 119, 122, 158–160 Amateurism, 77 América Noticias (AN), 114 American home, 173 Americans, 173 Amplified source, 121 Anonymity, 35 Argentina audio-visual crime news in, 112 crime in, 110 crime news production in, 125n3 news-making procedures in, 118 security forces in, 125 social sectors in, 116–117 Arm Educators, 141–142 Artificial intelligence technologies, 35 Audio-visual crime news, 112 journalism, 123 news, 123 Audiovisual Communication Services Law (LSCA), 125n1 Authentic learning models, 178 Authority, 102–103 Barthes’ classic framework, 92 Bauman, Zygmunt, 152, 155 Behavioral aggression, 176, 180 Bergen Social Media Addiction scale, 175 Big data, 48 Big World, Small Screen, 173 Bivariate correlation tests, 15 Block news, 119 Bloods, 72 Bolder borders with security algorithms, 59–61 Boyz N Tha Hood (movies), 71 Branding, 79 Buenos Aires City (Argentina), 111 C5N, 114, 123 Capitalism and Christianity: American Style, 161 Chain news, 119 Classical convergence theory, 180 Coercion, 5 Coercive control, 10 Cognitive theory, 93 Collaboration, 181 Colors (movies), 71 Columbine (high school) (see also Sandy Hook (elementary school); School shooting), 132–133 Communicative process, 112 Community educators, 7 Competitive ethos, 118 Conduct Disorder, 177 Connolly, William, 153, 158, 161–162 Conspiracy theories, 163 Contend security algorithms, 50 Content analysis (method), 136 ethnographic content analysis, 153, 158–160 Content moderation, 27 Controlled responses, 176 Convenience sampling, 175–177 Conventional criminological knowledge, 34 Convergence, 179–181 Cosby, William “Bill”, 94–96, 99 Cost-effective approach, 28 Crime media, 152 cultural criminology, criminology’s crises, and liquidity, 153–156 mediascape, 158–163 uncertainties, complexities, and contradictions, 156–158 Crime news, 111, 120 heterogeneous data on, 114 in Latin America, 113 production and presentation of, 121 production in Argentina, 125n3 Crime news in the context of audiovisual transformation in Argentina (CONICET), 125n2 Crime(s) (see also Perp walks; Predictive policing; Technology-mediated abuse (TMA)), 51, 110–111 findings, 115 how, 118–121 images of, 110 interpersonal, 22 methods, 114–115 news, 111–112 predominance of crime, 111 prevention of, 31 study of see Criminology theoretical framework, 112–114 urban violence, 110 what and who, 115–118 when and where, 121–124 Criminal intimate behavior, 6 Criminal Justice Center (CJC), 98 Criminal justice system, 90, 97 Criminological research, 27 Criminologists, 153 Criminology (see also Situational crime prevention (theory)), 153–156 cultural criminology, 153–156 liquid criminology, 155 theories of, 92 Crips, 72 Crónica, 114 Cultural/culture, 113 of collaboration, 181 criminology, 153–156 of engagement, 37 intermediaries, 73 toolkit, 161 values, 70 Cyberstalking, 5 Data analysis methods, 50 collection, 157 Data experts (DXs), 49, 52, 56 sampling strategy for refugees and, 54–55 Datafication, 83 Deepfakes, 26 increasing effort, 32–34 increasing risks, 34–35 literature review and theoretical framework, 28–29 methods and data, 30–31 online platforms and situational crime prevention, 29–30 pornography, 27, 28, 38 reducing provocations, 37–38 reducing rewards, 35–37 removing excuses, 38–39 results, 31–32 Delinquency, 111 Democratic operatives, 163 Dependent variables, 176–177 Depression, 175 Digital (see also Internet/online; Technology(ies)) communication, 181 criminology, 154 digital media, 156 technology, 112, 121–122 Discourse analysis procedure, 115 Disinhibition, 27 Disruptive behavior disorders (DBD), 174–177 Diverse algorithmic systems, 48 Documents, 98–100 Domestic violence behaviours, 4 Double security conflict of algorithms, 52–53 paradox, 49, 52–53, 59 Dramatization of @Gangsta, 75–81 Drill, 70 Ecosystem, 27 EDM, 73 Education, 4, 6, 19–20 entertainment as, 72 Educational community, 138–140 exposure effects, 15–16 solutions to improving safety of, 140–142 system, 134 Educators, 134–135, 140 current and future, 142–146 Embodied displays, perp walks as, 101–102 Embodied gatekeeping, 97, 102–103 Embodiment, 90 Emotional attack, 10 impact, 143 Empathetic newsworthiness, 116 Entertainment education (EE), 8 Epidemiology of media violence, 179 Estonia, 54 Ethnographic content analysis (ECA), 153, 158–160 European Civil Protection and Humanitarian Aid Operations (ECHO), 52 Evangelical Christianity, 162 Ex ante rules, 34–35 Ex post standards, 34 Experience, 20 Experiential exposure effects, 17–18 Experimenter, 177 Face recognition systems, 48–49 Face swapping, 28 Facebook, 113 FakeApp, 26, 28 Familiarity, 7 Family-wise error, 172, 178–179 Fiction, 8 “Fight the Power”, 71 Fighting financial crime, 49 Fixed effect studies, 182 Follow-up spontaneous questions, 55 Formal education, 7 Formal education curricula, 19–20 Foucault, 91 “Free-speech-minded” users, 33 Freedom-of-speech assessments, 29 Frequency, 10 “Fuck tha Police!” (song), 71 Gal Gadot, 28 Gamergate rhetoric, 162 “Gang glocalization”, 72 Gangsta, 70 in age of technological reproducibility, 70–75 dramatization of @Gangsta, 75–81 tagging and labelling, 81–84 “Gangsta rap”, 70 Gatekeeping, 97 General population, 173 Genres, 8 Gerbner, George, 132 Greek tragedies, 181 Hacking, 10 Hashtag, 79 High-quality images, 28 videos, 29 “Himpathy”, 90 Hip-hop, 71–72 “Hivemind”, 33 Homicide rate, 110 Host countries security algorithms and context of, 53–54 Huesmann, L. Rowell, 171–172, 175, 178–179, 181–182 Human actions, 92 “Hyper-ritualization”, 78 “Hyper-ritualizing”, 81 Identity, 75 fraud, 10 Ideological assemblage, 162 Image-based sexual abuse, 28 Independent samples t-tests, 13 Information communication technology, 29 stalking, 10 Instagram, 70, 113 stories, 77, 79 Institutional Review Board protocol, 94 Institutional sources, 121–122 Intermediatization, 160 “Internet banging”, 74 Internet/online (see also Digital; Social media; Technology(ies)), 27, 29–30, 39, 71 governance of, 27 platforms, 27, 29–30 Interpersonal crime, 8 Intimate partner violence, 5 Intoxication, 175 Intrusion by third parties, 11 Intuition, 116 Involuntary pornography, 27 Jimmy Savile scandal, 165n1 Journalism, 92 ethics of, 104 photojournalism, 98–99 practice of, 103 sources/sourcing of, 101 video journalism, 102 visual journalism, 100 Knowledge, 6, 8–10, 18 Labeling theory, 76 Labelling, 81–84 Laissez faire approach, 39 Latin Kings, 72 Law enforcement service, perp walks in, 95–98 Law enforcers, 7 Learning environment, 143–144 Learning theory, 175 LexisNexis, 160 Liminality, 92 Liquid criminology, 155 Liquid modernity, 152, 155 Liquidity, 153–156 Los Angeles Police Department (LAPD), 71 Madeline McCann case, 165n1 Mara Salvatrucha, 72 Martin, Trayvon, 100 Mass media, 137, 182 content moderation of, 27 influence of, 134 representations in, 93 Mass school shooting, 132 Mass shootings, media coverage of (see also School shooting), 132–135 Maxqda software, 56 MDD, 175 Media, 4, 6, 20 consumption of school shootings, 143 coverage of mass shootings, 132–135 exposure, 8, 17 falsification, 28 outlets, 162 representations of perp walks, 93 selection, 136 Media logic (see also Social media—logic), 112–113 Media violence, 170, 178, 180 convergence, 179–181 improper sampling procedures, 175–178 media violence-aggressive behavior equation, 170–171 pro-social activity, 181–184 psychologically well and unwell participants, 173–175 researchers, 170–172 vulnerable to family-wise errors, 178–179 Mediascape, 158–163 Mediatization/mediatización, 112 Mental health professionals, 7 Meta-analysis, 180 More-or-less-direct acquaintances, 80 MTV Yo! Raps (TV programs), 71 Music-streaming platforms, 70 Musical genres, 73 National Center for Educational Statistics (NCES), 133 National Television Violence Study (1996–1998), 178 Near-repeat theory, 50 Network sampling method, 21 New York Times, 91 News media, 156 News residue, 160 News sources, 115 News-entertainment, 120 Non-consensual pornography, 26 Non-diagnosable, 184n1 Nonfiction, 8 #OccupyWallStreet, 75 Ombudsman for Communications, 122 Online deepfake videos, 37 Online platforms policies, 27 and situational crime prevention, 29–30 Ontological anxieties, 152 Open interviews, 115 Open-door policy (Turkish stance on Syrian refugees), 49, 53 Open-ended questions, 55 Partner violence, 6 Pennsylvania News Media Association (PNMA), 95–96 Pepe the Frog, 165n2 Perceptions, 11 Performance, 101–102 Performances of Gangsta, 70 Perp walks, 90, 93 as embodied displays, 101–102 embodied gatekeeping and authority, 102–103 findings, 94 in law enforcement service, 95–98 literature review, 91–93 methodology, 93–94 pretrial hearing, 94–95 as products of news practices, 98–100 Personal experiences, 4 Personal victimization, 9 Photojournalism, 98–99 Physical attack, 10–11 Physical isolation Place, 121 Police actions, 51 Police risk-scoring algorithms (PRSA), 49, 55–56, 59 Policing, 48, 80 predictive policing, 51 Policy enforcement, 32 Pop, 73 Popularity, 83 Pornhub, 26 Pornography (see also Deepfakes), 27 consent and, 37 involuntary, 26–27, 37 Predictive analysis, 50 tools, 50 Predictive policing, 51 Pretrial hearing, 94–95 Primary prevention education, 7 Privacy (see also Deepfakes), 48 intrusion of, 5, 8, 10–11, 20 Production routines, 114 Programmability, 83 Projective technique, 55 Pseudonyms, 94 Psychological aggression, 4 Psychologically well, 184n1 Psychopathic attributes, 183 Psychopathology, 171, 176, 182 Psychopathy, 174 Public awareness, 6, 21 Public cognitions on complex topics, 6 Public perceptions (see also Social construction of reality), 4 Public rituals, 91 Public shaming, 91 Pushshift Reddit, 30 QAnon, 163 Qualitative analysis, 137 Qualitative approach, 112 Qualitative methodology, 54 qualitative thematic press analysis, 153, 160–161 Qualitative research tools, 114 Qualitative text analysis, 30 Qualitative thematic press analysis (QTPA), 153, 160–161 Quantitative analysis, 164 statistical convergence, 172, 180 statistical error, 172 Quota scheme (EU refugee allocation system), 53 Random effects studies, 182 “Reality television”, 123 Reddit, 26–29, 34–35, 38 moderators, 38 Refugee(s) (see also Open-door policy, Quota scheme), 49 sampling strategy for, 54–55 Relocation procedure, 54 Resonance, 153, 161–163 “Rhetorics of surveillance”, 123 Risk terrain modeling, 50 Ritual(s), 91–92, 103 conception, 91 Sampling convenience samples, 172 distributions, 176 strategy for refugees and DXs, 54–55 Sandusky, Jerry, 94, 96, 98–99, 104 Sandy Hook (elementary school) (see also Columbine (high school); School shooting), 132–133 “Sandy Hook Tragedy”, 133 School gun violence, 148 School shooting (see also Mass shooting), 132–133 Schools to withstand shootings, 140–141 SCID-5 analyses, 175 SCID-IV standards, 179 Security algorithms, 49–50 bolder borders with, 59–61 and context of host countries, 53–54 critical perspectives on, 50–52 questioning, 57–58 Selectivity principle, 54 24/7 sensationalized news cycle, 133 Sensemakers, 135 Sensemaking, 132 current issue, 135 limitations and future research, 147–148 media coverage of mass shootings, 132–135 methods, 136–137 process, 134–135 results, 137–142 on social media, 132 Weick’s sensemaking model, 134 Sensitivity, 116 Severity perceptions, 8–9, 19–21 Sexualization, 27 of minors, 26–27, 34 Shaming, 10 “Sharing imperative”, 122 Signal crimes, 160 Simulated child pornography, 37 Situational crime prevention (theory), 27, 29–31 for online content moderation and platform policy enforcement, 32 online platforms and, 29–30 perspective, 35 techniques, 27 Slander, 10 Social change, 7 Social construction of reality (see also Public perceptions) Social learning theory, 7 Social media, 51, 76, 80, 113 analysis, 48 communication, 74 logic, 77, 113 platforms, 29 posts from educators/about educators, 138 research on, 175 as sensemaking tool, 135 sites, 133 Social network analysis, 49–50 function, 122 Social order, 112 Social persuasion, 175 Social sorting through algorithms, 51 Social stigma to recursive branding, 81–84 Specificity, 10 Spotify, 70 Stalking, 5 Statistical convergence, 172 Statistical errors, 172 Statistical theory, 180 Stigma, 5 Straight Outta Compton, 71 Street credibility, 74 Street crimes, 110 Strengths-based approaches, 7 “Subversive frivolity”, 77 Symbolic-dramatic matrix, 111 Syrian refugees, 49 in Estonia, 55 Syrian refugees, 52–53 Tactics, 37 Tagging, 76 Tagging, 80–84 Technological evaluation, 183 Technology-mediated abuse (TMA), 4–5 complexity, 5–6 educational exposure effects, 15–16 experiential exposure effects, 17–18 explanations of, 18 exposure effects, 13 exposure variety, 7–9 extent and nature of overall exposure, 11–13 knowledge, 18 knowledge, understanding, and perceptions, 10–11 media exposure effects, 17 overall exposure effects, 13–15 procedures, 10 public cognitions on complex topics, 6 sample and methods, 9–10 study limitations, 21 understanding and severity perceptions, 19–21 Technology(ies), 5–6, 39 Telefé, 123 Television crime news, 112 news, 111 producers, 118 TensorFlow, 26 Thematic analysis, 56 Time, 121 Todo Noticias (TN), 114 “Toxic technocultures”, 33 Traffic violations, 179 Tragedy of culture, 152 Trap, 70 Tweets, 137 Twitter, 26, 113, 136 Understanding, 6, 8–10, 19–21 United States (US), 4 Universal crime, 153 drop, 154–155 Urban violence, 110 User-chosen media, 8 User–moderator–administrator, 38 Vandalism, 36 Vice, 26 Victim intrusion, 10 Victimization, 103 Violence, 7 violence-prevention educators, 8 Visual artifacts, 92 Visual journalism, 99, 103 Visual magnitude, 116–117 VOAT, 38 “Web of facticity”, 92 Weinstein, Harvey, 90–91, 93 WeTransfer, 122 WhatsApp, 122 World Wide Web, 33 Young, Jock, 76, 154–156 YouTube, 70 Zimmerman, George, 94, 99–100 Book Chapters Prelims Section I: New Opportunities for Criminals and Police Chapter 1: Does Exposure Matter? Media, Education, and Experience Affecting Technology-Mediated Abuse Knowledge, Understanding, and Severity-Perceptions Chapter 2: Dealing with Deepfakes: Reddit, Online Content Moderation, and Situational Crime Prevention Chapter 3: Attaining Security Through Algorithms: Perspectives of Refugees and Data Experts Section II: Digital Media Representations of Criminality and Policing Chapter 4: Dramatization of the @GANGSTA: Instagram Cred in the Age of Glocalized Gang Culture Chapter 5: Perp Walks as Contested Rituals: Documents, Affordances, and Performances Chapter 6: Images of Crime: Empathetic Newsworthiness and Digital Technologies in the Production of Police News on Television in Argentina Section III: Studying Criminality and Policing in the Digital Media Age Chapter 7: “Every Day When I Go to Work, I Wonder If it Will Be the Day I Die”: Sensemaking Mass Media and School Shootings Chapter 8: Lost in the Mediascape: Embracing Uncertainties and Contradictions at the Cultural Nexus of Crime and Media Chapter 9: Five Things that Went Wrong with Media Violence Research Index
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