Revisão Acesso aberto Revisado por pares

Chronic Hyperkaliemia in Chronic Kidney Disease: An Old Concern with New Answers

2022; Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute; Volume: 23; Issue: 12 Linguagem: Inglês

10.3390/ijms23126378

ISSN

1661-6596

Autores

Silvio Borrelli, Ida Matarazzo, Eugenio Lembo, Laura Peccarino, Claudia Annoiato, Maria Rosaria Scognamiglio, Andrea Foderini, Chiara Ruotolo, Aldo Franculli, Federica Capozzi, Pavlo Yavorskiy, Fatme Merheb, Michele Provenzano, Gaetano La Manna, Luca De Nicola, Roberto Minutolo, Carlo Garofalo,

Tópico(s)

Membrane-based Ion Separation Techniques

Resumo

Increasing potassium intake ameliorates blood pressure (BP) and cardiovascular (CV) prognoses in the general population; therefore the World Health Organization recommends a high-potassium diet (90-120 mEq/day). Hyperkalaemia is a rare condition in healthy individuals due to the ability of the kidneys to effectively excrete dietary potassium load in urine, while an increase in serum K+ is prevalent in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Hyperkalaemia prevalence increases in more advanced CKD stages, and is associated with a poor prognosis. This scenario generates controversy on the correct nutritional approach to hyperkalaemia in CKD patients, considering the unproven link between potassium intake and serum K+ levels. Another concern is that drug-induced hyperkalaemia leads to the down-titration or withdrawal of renin-angiotensin system inhibitors (RASI) and mineralocorticoids receptors antagonists (MRA) in patients with CKD, depriving these patients of central therapeutic interventions aimed at delaying CKD progression and decreasing CV mortality. The new K+-binder drugs (Patiromer and Sodium-Zirconium Cyclosilicate) have proven to be adequate and safe therapeutic options to control serum K+ in CKD patients, enabling RASI and MRA therapy, and possibly, a more liberal intake of fruit and vegetables.

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