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The British List: A Checklist of Birds of Britain (10th edition)

2022; Wiley; Volume: 164; Issue: 3 Linguagem: Inglês

10.1111/ibi.13065

1474-919X

Christopher McInerny, Andrew J. Musgrove, James J. Gilroy, Steve Dudley,

Invertebrate Taxonomy and Ecology

This, the tenth edition of the Checklist of the Birds of Britain, referred to throughout as the British List, has been prepared as a statement of the status of those species and subspecies known to have occurred in Britain and its coastal waters (Fig. 1). It incorporates all changes to the British List up to and including the 54th Report of the British Ornithologists' Union Records Committee (BOURC) (BOU 2022b), and detailed in BOURC Reports published in Ibis since the publication of the ninth edition of the British List (BOU 2018a). This tenth edition replaces The British List: A Checklist of Birds of Britain (ninth edition) (BOU 2018a). Downloadable simple list and excel versions of the tenth edition of the British List can be found at https://www.bou.org.uk/british-list/. The British List is the systematic list of bird species and subspecies that have occurred in Britain and its coastal waters (Fig. 1); it is maintained by the British Ornithologists' Union (BOU) through its Records Committee (BOURC). The Northern Ireland List and the Manx List are maintained by their respective organisations. Decisions by the Manx Ornithological Society for the Isle of Man will continue to be published in Ibis within BOURC Reports. However, decisions of the Northern Ireland Birdwatchers' Association relating to the Northern Ireland List are no longer published within BOURC Reports. The British List is under continuous revision by BOURC. New species and subspecies are either added or removed, following assessment and/or changes in taxonomic status; these are updated on the BOU website (https://www.bou.org.uk/british-list/recent-announcements/) at the time of the change, but only come into effect on the List on publication in a BOURC Report in Ibis. A list of the species and subspecies removed from the British List since the ninth edition, due to changes in the IOC World Bird List, is shown in Appendix 1. In 2017, following a comprehensive review by BOURC, BOU announced that it would adopt, from 1 January 2018, the IOC World Bird List (Gill et al. 2022) for all its taxonomic requirements, including the British List (BOU 2017b). The taxonomy and sequence of species in this tenth edition of the British List follows the IOC World Bird List, using version 12.1, which was current at the time of going to press. The IOC World Bird List complements three other world bird lists that each have a different emphasis in their goals and taxonomic approach: The Howard and Moore Complete Checklist of the Birds of the World, 4th Edition (Trust for Avian Systematics 2020), The Clements Checklist (Cornell Lab of Ornithology 2020a), and HBW Alive/Bird Life International (Cornell Lab of Ornithology 2020b). It is anticipated that the four global checklists will in the future align, and a Working Group Avain Checklists (WGAC) has been formed by the International Ornithologists' Union (IOU) to implement this aim (IOU 2020). The motivation to create internationally recognised English names of birds dates back to 1978 when the Royal Australian Ornithologists' Union (now BirdLife Australia) first addressed the subject, followed by the American Ornithologists' Union (now American Ornithological Society) in 1983, with BOURC joining the process in 1985 (Atkin et al. 1988, BOU, 1992a, Inskipp & Sharrock 1992). In 1990 the then International Ornithological Congress (IOC – later renamed the International Ornithologists' Union (IOU)) brought together ornithologists to help deliver the first list of international English bird names. This culminated in 2006 with the publication of Birds of the World: recommended English names (Gill & Wright 2006). Updates to this title have since been published on the International Ornithological Community (IOC) World Bird List website http://www.worldbirdnames.org (Gill et al. 2022). Changes to bird names can be controversial, especially when many of the established vernacular names have national, historical or cultural associations. Thus, to assist both the acceptance and use of the new proposed international names the British List, since the sixth edition, has used the new international English names in bold and, where they differed, English vernacular names (BOU, 1992a, 2006c, 2007b). In this tenth edition we maintain this policy, though for taxonomic reasons and consistency with previous versions the vernacular name is listed first in bold, followed by the international English name, when different (BOU 2013a). The international English names used here are those in version 12.1 of the IOC World Bird List (Gill et al. 2022). Vernacular English names are considered by BOURC when changes in taxonomy occur with these published in BOURC Reports in Ibis. Species that derive from translocation(s) (i.e. human-mediated movement and release (IUCN/SCC 2013)) resulting in the establishment of self-sustaining populations within Britain, and vagrants from self-sustaining populations outside of Britain which have derived as a result of translocation(s) (McInerny et al. 2022). Category C is further sub-categorised to C1–C6 where: Each species is categorised, depending on the criteria for its admission to the British List, and the Category (A, B or C) appears to the right of the English name. The British List comprises only those species in Categories A, B and C. Species in Categories D, E and F do not form part of the British List. Where species in Categories A, B or C are known to have also occurred as escapes, this is indicated in the systematic list by also being shown in Category E. Category C has been refined since the 9th Edition (BOU 2018a) to accord with IUCN definitions for translocated species (IUCN/SCC 2013, McInerny et al. 2022). A Category F list has been created for the first time (Cooper et al. 2022), the results of which have been incorporated into this 10th Edition of the British List. A species is usually placed in only one category. Some are placed in multiple categories such as, for example, those species occurring in Category A which now also have naturalised populations (e.g. Red Kite) that match Category C criteria. To improve the managemet of Category C, BOU and the Joint Nature Conservation Committee (JNCC) held a conference on naturalized and introduced birds in Britain (Holmes & Simons 1996). This led to a review of the process of establishment of such populations and the terms that best describe their status (Holmes & Stroud 1995), as well as a major review of the categorisation of species on the British List (Holmes et al. 1998). Further reviews of the categories occurred prior to 2005 and these are summarised in BOURC's 31st Report (BOU 2005). Since then, a review of Category C subcategory definitions was carried out as part of the 7th edition of the British List (Dudley 2005), which re-defined existing subcategories and introduced a new subcategory C6. Another review of Category C by BOURC in collaboration with the Association of European Record Committees (AERC) was completed in 2022, which refined the defintions and chacteristics of populations deemed self-sustaining, and vagrants from such populations (McInerny et al. 2022). This created two new subcategores C5.1 and C5.2. Note that Category B used to refer to records up to 31 December 1957 but, to accord with European practice, now refers to records up to 31 December 1949. Abbreviated codes are given for the status of each subspecies on the List: Some of the codes are generalisations. For example, many forms listed as WM may occasionally be found in summer. RB and MB together imply that the species is a partial migrant in which a proportion of the population leaves Britain in winter. CB includes those where there are fewer than 10 breeding attempts each year. HB was introduced to denote those species which have been recorded breeding with another closely related species (e.g. Pied-billed Grebe Podilymbus podiceps with Little Grebe Tachybaptus ruficollis). HB does not attempt to cover all species which have formed hybrid pairings. NB is included to denote species with self-sustanining naturalized populations. V is reserved for rare taxa. Descriptions are required of records for these species and some of the rarer subspecies by the British Birds Rarities Committee (BBRC) (denoted by † within the systematic list) to be considered for inclusion in British totals; descriptions are also required by BBRC for all species in Category D and some in Category F. For each rare species and, where possible, subspecies, the number of birds that have occurred is noted where the total is fewer than 100. This information is based on data up to 31 December 2018, with adjustments, provided by BBRC (2022). Details of the first British record of rare species are given in those cases where there is an identifiable first. Place names are shown biligually where relevant, in either Welsh or Gaelic. Recording areas of locations follow Ballance & Smith (2008). If an extant specimen of a first British record exists, its current location is given, with the museum or institution accession number indicated. BOURC would welcome further information on the location of specimens of British firsts that have not been listed here. The number of species recorded in Britain, within each category, is as follows: As previously stated, species in Categories D, E and F do not form part of the British List. In addition, there have been records not identified to species level, which are not included in the systematic list, and so do not form part of the species totals. These include: White-bellied Storm Petrel or Black-bellied Storm Petrel Fregetta grallaria/tropica; the Madeiran/Monteiro's/Cape Verde Storm Petrel group Hydrobates castro/monteiroi/jabejabe; Southern Giant Petrel or Northern Giant Petrel Macronectes giganteus/halli; and the Zino's/Fea's/Desertas Petrel group Pterodroma madeira/feae/deserta. The records for these are listed in Appendix 4. A list of the species and subspecies removed from the British List since the ninth edition, due to changes in the IOC World Bird List, is shown in Appendix 1. The taxonomy of the systematic list follows version 12.1 of the IOC World Bird List (Gill et al. 2022). Changes since the publication of the seventh, eighth and ninth editions of the British List (BOU 2006c, 2013a) have been detailed in the 34th to 54th BOURC Reports, the full citations for which are listed in the references. Superscript notation 1-21 has been used to direct the reader to the 34th to 54th BOURC Reports, respectively. † indicates rare species and subspecies for which descriptions are required of records by the British Birds Rarities Committee (BBRC) to be considered for inclusion in British totals. Downloadable simple list and excel versions of the systematic list can be found at https://www.bou.org.uk/british-list/ This 10th Edition of the British List is dedicated to one of the authors, Steve Dudley, in recognition of his role and work at the BOU for over 25 years, which included the management of the British List. Four editions of the British List have been published in Ibis during this time. It is a fitting tribute to Steve that this 10th Edition, along with two other related papers describing the first version of a Category F List and revised criteria for Category C, are all published in this same issue of Ibis coincident with Steve's retirement. BOURC members (in addition to listed authors) who served on the Committee whilst this update was being produced were: Dawn Balmer, Chris Batty, Pierre-André Crochet, Paul French (BBRC representative), Mark Golley, Alexander Lees, and Andy Stoddart. We thank Ian Andrews for making the map in Fig. 1. Many people assist BOURC in its work and we would like to thank the following for their input into making this checklist: David Ballance, Chas Holt (BBRC Secretary), Bob McGowan (National Museums Scotland) and Phillip Seddon (University of Otago, New Zealand). Species and subspecies removed from the British List since the 9th edition; in all cases this is because they are no longer valid in the taxonomy of the IOC World Bird List version 12.1 (Gill et al. 2022). Teal Anas crecca crecca Linnaeus16 White-winged Scoter Melanitta deglandi deglandi (Bonaparte)18 Ruddy Duck Oxyura jamaicensis jamaicensis (J.F. Gmelin)16 Collared Dove Streptopelia decaocto decaocto (Frivaldszky)20 Royal Tern Thalasseus maximus maximus (Boddaert)18 Steppe Grey Shrike Lanius pallidirostris Cassin17 Arctic Warbler Phylloscopus borealis borealis (J.H. Blasius)16 Subalpine Warbler Sylvia cantillans inornata Tschusi19 Species in Category D would otherwise appear in Category A, except that there is reasonable doubt that they have occurred in Britain in a natural state. Species placed only in Category D form no part of the British List, and are not included in the species totals. Category D is a holding category and is not intended to be a long-term assignment of any species. The species are reviewed periodically to assign them to either Category A or Category E. †indicates species for which descriptions are required of records by the British Birds Rarities Committee (BBRC) to be considered for inclusion in Categories A-C of the British List. Category D species are also listed on the BOU website at https://www.bou.org.uk/british-list/category-d-species/. These species form no part of the British List. Included here are species that were added to Category F as being recorded in Britain before 1800 but not since (Cooper et al. 2022), which are not included in the systematic list of the British List, and so do not form part of the species totals. For explanations and backgrounds to these species, see Cooper et al. (2022). † indicates species for which descriptions are required of records by the British Birds Rarities Committee (BBRC) to be considered for inclusion in Categories A-C of the British List. These species form no part of the British List. Included here are records that were not identified to species level, which are not included in the systematic list of the British List, and so do not form part of the species totals. †Indicates species for which descriptions are required of records by the British Birds Rarities Committee (BBRC) to be considered for inclusion in Categories A-C of the British List. These species form no part of the British List. The following list includes cited items and other articles relevant to the British List. The superscript numbered items1–22 refer to BOURC Reports published since the seventh edition of the British List (BOU 2006c) and Dudley (2005), which are cited both within the systematic list and in the appendices.