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First Report of Colletotrichum tropicale Causing Leaf Spot on Cariniana legalis in Brazil
2022; American Phytopathological Society; Volume: 107; Issue: 2 Linguagem: Inglês
10.1094/pdis-11-21-2522-pdn
ISSN1943-7692
AutoresThaís Marcelo Souza, Jadergudson Pereira, José Luiz Bezerra, Rafael José Vilela de Oliveira,
Tópico(s)Mycorrhizal Fungi and Plant Interactions
ResumoHomePlant DiseaseVol. 107, No. 2First Report of Colletotrichum tropicale Causing Leaf Spot on Cariniana legalis in Brazil PreviousNext DISEASE NOTE OPENOpen Access licenseFirst Report of Colletotrichum tropicale Causing Leaf Spot on Cariniana legalis in BrazilT. M. Souza, J. Pereira, J. L. Bezerra, and R. J. V. de OliveiraT. M. Souza†Corresponding author: T. M. Souza; E-mail Address: [email protected]https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6444-1161Programa de Pós-Graduação em Produção Vegetal, Departamento de Ciências Agrárias e Ambientais, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Ilhéus, Bahia, Brazil, J. PereiraPrograma de Pós-Graduação em Produção Vegetal, Departamento de Ciências Agrárias e Ambientais, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Ilhéus, Bahia, Brazil, J. L. BezerraPrograma de Pós-Graduação em Produção Vegetal, Departamento de Ciências Agrárias e Ambientais, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Ilhéus, Bahia, BrazilUniversidade Federal do Recôncavo da Bahia, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Ambientais e Biotecnológicas, Cruz das Almas, Bahia, Brazil, and R. J. V. de OliveiraPrograma de Pós-Graduação em Biologia de Fungos, Departamento de Micologia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, BrazilAffiliationsAuthors and Affiliations T. M. Souza1 † J. Pereira1 J. L. Bezerra1 2 R. J. V. de Oliveira3 1Programa de Pós-Graduação em Produção Vegetal, Departamento de Ciências Agrárias e Ambientais, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Ilhéus, Bahia, Brazil 2Universidade Federal do Recôncavo da Bahia, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Ambientais e Biotecnológicas, Cruz das Almas, Bahia, Brazil 3Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia de Fungos, Departamento de Micologia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil Published Online:29 Jan 2023https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-11-21-2522-PDNAboutSectionsView articlePDFSupplemental ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack Citations ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditEmailWechat View articleCariniana legalis (Mart.) Kuntze (Lecythidaceae), known as jequitibá rosa, is a large tree of Brazil's Atlantic Rain Forest. It is exploited for its wood, and is listed as "vulnerable" on the IUCN red list of threatened species (IUCN 2021). Thus, its conservation is paramount. In October 2018, in Ilhéus, Bahia (14°45′26″S, 39°17′32″W), C. legalis were seen with ∼80% of leaves with light to dark brown necrotic lesions with yellow edges at leaf tips and margins; these expanded and coalesced into wider lesions, causing leaf death and weakened trees. Symptoms indicated infection by Colletotrichum spp., pathogens of many valuable plants. Lesions on symptomatic leaves were examined with a stereomicroscope at 20×. Conidia were transferred directly and aseptically from leaf spots to PDA and incubated in the dark at 25 ± 1°C for 72 h. Pure cultures were obtained by monosporic isolation. All structures were measured with a Leica DM500 microscope at 1,000×. Pathogenicity was tested on hosts in the field and on detached leaves by inoculation with a conidial suspension of 106 conidia/ml made from a culture grown on PDA in the dark at 25 ± 1°C for 10 days. Six healthy, fully developed detached leaves were inoculated with two 10-μl drops of conidial suspension on the adaxial surface. Six control leaves were inoculated with two drops of sterile water. Inoculated leaves were kept in a humid chamber at 25°C and a 12 h photoperiod. Four C. legalis trees in the field were selected and 30 healthy leaves per tree sprayed with conidial suspension and covered in transparent polyethylene bags, with a piece of wet cotton inside, to maintain moisture for 72 h. Also, 30 control leaves per tree were sprayed with sterile water. DNA was extracted using the CTAB method (Oliveira et al. 2016). Internal transcribed spacer (ITS), partial histone3 (HIS3), and partial glyceraldehyde-3-phosphatedehydrogenase (GAPDH) gene sequences were amplified by PCR using ITS1/ITS4 (White et al. 1990), CYLH3F/CYLH3R (Crous et al. 2004), and GDF1/GDR1 (Guerber et al. 2003) primers. PCR for ITS amplification was performed according to Oliveira et al. (2014), and for HIS3 and GAPDH according to Damm et al. (2012). Maximum likelihood analysis (with support estimated by a bootstrap analysis with 1,000 replicates) was performed using PhyML 3.0 (Guindon and Gascuel 2003) and launched from Topali 2.5. The colony produced abundant white to light gray aerial mycelium, and an orange viscous mass of conidia. Conidia were single-celled, smooth, hyaline and subcylindrical with rounded ends, 13 (11 to 15) × 3.5 (3 to 4) µm; appressoria were aseptate, brown, subglobose to clavate, 11 (10 to 12) × 7 (6 to 8) µm. BLASTn analysis found that the partial gene sequences of ITS (URM 8381 ‒ MZ158701), GAPDH (URM 8381 ‒ MZ189259), and HIS3 (URM 8381 ‒ MZ189260) were 100% identical to Colletotrichum tropicale (CPO 27.830 ‒ MN744296/CBS 129983 ‒ MH865615), (CMM 4071 ‒ KC517181/CPO 27.719 ‒ MN737355), and (CBS 124949 ‒ KY856395). A maximum likelihood phylogenetic tree was generated by combining all sequenced loci. The sequences of isolate URM8381 formed a clade with sequences of the type species of C. tropicale E.I. Rojas, S.A. Rehner & Samuels (CBS 124949) with a high support value (95), which is distinct from related species. Isolate sequences were deposited in GenBank (ITS: MZ158701; GAPDH: MZ189259; HIS3: MZ189260). C. tropicale was reisolated from inoculated leaves and had the same cultural and morphological characteristics as the original isolate. Detached leaves and leaves on trees had leaf spot symptoms at 6 and 8 days postinoculation, respectively, confirming C. tropicale as the causal agent. Controls had no symptoms. C. tropicale is in the C. gloeosporioides species complex. In Brazil, it causes anthracnose on hosts including Annona muricata L. (soursop) and Myrciaria dubia (Kunth) McVaugh ("camu-camu") (Costa et al. 2019; Matos et al. 2020). To our knowledge, this is the first report of C. tropicale causing leaf spot on C. legalis.The author(s) declare no conflict of interest.References:Costa, J. F. O., et al. 2019. Eur. J. Plant Pathol. 153:1119. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10658-018-01630-w Crossref, ISI, Google ScholarCrous, P. W., et al. 2004. Stud. Mycol. 50:415. Google ScholarDamm, U., et al. 2012. Stud. Mycol. 73:1. https://doi.org/10.3114/sim0002 Crossref, ISI, Google ScholarGuerber, J. C., et al. 2003. Mycologia 95:87. Crossref, ISI, Google ScholarGuindon, S., and Gascuel, O. 2003. Syst. Biol. 52:696. https://doi.org/10.1080/10635150390235520 Crossref, ISI, Google ScholarIUCN. 2021. http://www.iucnredlist.org Google ScholarMatos, K. S., et al. 2020. Plant Dis. 104:2517. https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-04-19-0882-PDN Link, ISI, Google ScholarOliveira, R. J. V., et al. 2014. Phytotaxa 178:197. Crossref, ISI, Google ScholarOliveira, R. J. V., et al. 2016. N. Hedw. 103:185. Crossref, ISI, Google ScholarWhite, T. J., et al. 1990. Page 315 in: PCR Protocols: A Guide to Methods and Applications. Academic Press, San Diego, CA. Crossref, Google ScholarThe author(s) declare no conflict of interest.DetailsFiguresLiterature CitedRelated Vol. 107, No. 2 February 2023SubscribeISSN:0191-2917e-ISSN:1943-7692 Download Metrics Article History Issue Date: 28 Feb 2023Published: 29 Jan 2023First Look: 19 Jun 2022Accepted: 15 Jun 2022 Page: 578 Information© 2023 The American Phytopathological SocietyKeywordsAtlantic RainforestLecythidaceaephytopathogenic fungusThe author(s) declare no conflict of interest.PDF download
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