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Catalytic Upgrading of Residual Fat Pyrolysis Vapors over Activated Carbon Pellets into Hydrocarbons-like Fuels in a Two-Stage Reactor: Analysis of Hydrocarbons Composition and Physical-Chemistry Properties

2022; Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute; Volume: 15; Issue: 13 Linguagem: Inglês

10.3390/en15134587

1996-1073

Lucas Pinto Bernar, Caio Campos Ferreira, Augusto Fernando de Freitas Costa, Haroldo Jorge da Silva Ribeiro, Wenderson Gomes dos Santos, Lia Martins Pereira, Anderson Mathias Pereira, Nathalia Lobato Moraes, Fernanda Paula da Costa Assunção, Sílvio Alex Pereira da Mota, Douglas Alberto Rocha de Castro, Marcelo Costa Santos, Neyson Martins Mendonça, Sérgio Duvoisin, Luiz Eduardo Pizarro Borges, Nélio Teixeira Machado,

Heat transfer and supercritical fluids

This work investigated the influence of the reaction time and catalyst-to-residual fat ratio by catalytic upgrading from pyrolysis vapors of residual fat at 400 °C and 1.0 atmosphere, on the yields of reaction products, physicochemical properties (density, kinematic viscosity, and acid value) and chemical composition of bio-oils, over a catalyst fixed-bed reactor of activated carbon pellets impregnated with 10.0 M NaOH, in semi-pilot scale. The experiments were carried out at 400 °C and 1.0 atmosphere, using a process schema consisting of a thermal cracking reactor of 2.0 L coupled to a catalyst fixed-bed reactor of 53 mL, without catalyst and using 5.0%, 7.5%, and 10.0% (wt.) activated carbon pellets impregnated with 10.0 M NaOH, in batch mode. Results show yields of bio-oil decreasing with increasing catalyst-to-tallow ratio. The GC-MS of liquid reaction products identified the presence of hydrocarbons (alkanes, alkenes, ring-containing alkanes, ring-containing alkenes, and aromatics) and oxygenates (carboxylic acids, ketones, esters, alcohols, and aldehydes). For all the pyrolysis and catalytic cracking experiments, the hydrocarbon selectivity in bio-oil increases with increasing reaction time, while those of oxygenates decrease, reaching concentrations of hydrocarbons up to 95.35% (area).