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Symptomatic smokers without COPD have physiological changes heralding the development of COPD

2022; European Respiratory Society; Volume: 8; Issue: 2 Linguagem: Inglês

10.1183/23120541.00202-2022

2312-0541

Erica Bazzan, Umberto Semenzato, Graziella Turato, Davide Biondini, Pablo Cubero, Marta Marín‐Oto, Marta Forner, Mariaenrica Tinè, Alvise Casara, Simonetta Baraldo, Paolo Spagnolo, José M. Marı́n, Marina Saetta, Manuel G. Cosío,

Respiratory Support and Mechanisms

COPD is a major health problem, mainly due to cigarette smoking. Most studies in COPD are dedicated to fully developed COPD in older subjects, even though development of COPD may start soon after smoking initiation. Therefore, there is a need to diagnose this "early disease" by detecting the initial events responsible for ultimate development of COPD.Measurement of maximum mid expiratory flow between 25 and 75% of vital capacity (MMEF) in a routine spirometry, which detects small airways disease, was used to investigate if MMEF abnormalities in smokers without COPD (noCOPD) would relate to respiratory symptoms and identify smokers that might progress to COPD. For this purpose we studied 511 smokers, 302 COPD and 209 noCOPD, followed long term with spirometry including MMEF, diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide (DLCO), 6-min walk test (6MWT), Medical Research Council Dyspnoea Scale and COPD Assessment Test. Three spirometries V1,V2 and V3 (5±2.5 and 10±4 years apart from V1) were performed to assess functional decline and development of COPD.65% of noCOPD had an abnormal MMEF (<80%) and 38% an abnormal DLCO. The NoCOPD with MMEF 80% group (p=0.04). 21% of noCOPD with MMEF 80% developed COPD by V3 (p=0.0004).The MMEF, a functional test available in a routine spirometry, can detect early lung abnormalities and identify the subset of symptomatic smokers with pathological changes that might lead to COPD.