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Legume Winter Cover Crop (Persian Clover) Reduces Nitrogen Requirement and Increases Grain Yield in Specialized Irrigated Hybrid Rice System

2022; RELX Group (Netherlands); Linguagem: Inglês

10.2139/ssrn.4157424

1556-5068

Filipe Selau Carlos, Cristiano Weinert, Rogério Oliveira de Sousa, Edegar Mateus Bortowski, Maicon Lages Campelo, David da Silva Pacheco, Lucas Vasconcellos dos Santos, Sidnei Deuner, Glaciele Barbosa Valente, André Barros Matos, Verônica Lemos Vargas, Amanda Posselt Martins, Flávio Anastácio de Oliveira Camargo,

Soil Carbon and Nitrogen Dynamics

In high-yield irrigated rice systems, options for legume cover crops with the capacity for biological nitrogen (N) fixation in the period between harvest have been sought. However, options are limited due to excess water and low oxygen level in the soil. The persian clover (Trifolium resupinatum) is an exception as it is a promising species due to its adaptation to waterlogged soils. Thus, the objective of this work was to evaluate soil mineral and microbial N levels and the response of a rice hybrid established in succession to persian clover during four growing seasons in subtropical conditions in southern Brazil. The field experiment was carried out during four crop seasons in a 2 x 4 factorial, with two conditions of soil cover, fallow and legume (persian clover) under four levels of N (0, 60, 120 and 180 kg N ha -1 ). It was observed that the cultivation of Persian clover increased the availability of mineral and microbial N in the soil by 35 and 6.5%, respectively. There was a 14.1% reduction in the maximum technical efficiency nitrogen dose in the rice hybrid. The grain yield of rice grains using persian clover in winter is 7.8% higher in relation to fallow, with the greatest difference between clover and fallow at the lowest N doses (0 e 60 kg ha -1 ). Thus, persian clover is a promising legume to be used in the period between harvest in hydromorphic soils cultivated with irrigated rice in subtropical conditions.