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Differential Effects of Tau Stage, Lewy Body Pathology, and Substantia Nigra Degeneration on 18 F-FDG PET Patterns in Clinical Alzheimer Disease

2022; Society of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging; Volume: 64; Issue: 2 Linguagem: Inglês

10.2967/jnumed.122.264213

1535-5667

Jesús Silva‐Rodríguez, Miguel A. Labrador‐Espinosa, Alexis Moscoso, Michael Schöll, Pablo Mir, Michel J. Grothe,

Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research

Comorbid Lewy body (LB) pathology is common in Alzheimer disease (AD). The effect of LB copathology on 18 F-FDG PET patterns in AD is yet to be studied. We analyzed associations of neuropathologically assessed tau pathology, LB pathology, and substantia nigra neuronal loss (SNnl) with antemortem 18 F-FDG PET hypometabolism in patients with a clinical AD presentation. Methods: Twenty-one patients with autopsy-confirmed AD without LB neuropathologic changes (LBNC) (pure-AD), 24 with AD and LBNC copathology (AD-LB), and 7 with LBNC without fulfilling neuropathologic criteria for AD (pure-LB) were studied. Pathologic groups were compared regarding regional and voxelwise 18 F-FDG PET patterns, the cingulate island sign ratio (CISr), and neuropathologic ratings of SNnl. Additional analyses assessed continuous associations of Braak tangle stage and SNnl with 18 F-FDG PET patterns. Results: Pure-AD and AD-LB showed highly similar patterns of AD-typical temporoparietal hypometabolism and did not differ in CISr, regional 18 F-FDG SUVR, or SNnl. By contrast, pure-LB showed the expected pattern of pronounced posterior-occipital hypometabolism typical for dementia with LB (DLB), and both CISr and SNnl were significantly higher compared with the AD groups. In continuous analyses, Braak tangle stage correlated significantly with more AD-like, and SNnl with more DLB-like, 18 F-FDG PET patterns. Conclusion: In autopsy-confirmed AD dementia patients, comorbid LB pathology did not have a notable effect on the regional 18 F-FDG PET pattern. A more DLB-like 18 F-FDG PET pattern was observed in relation to SNnl, but advanced SNnl was mostly limited to relatively pure LB cases. AD pathology may have a dominant effect over LB pathology in determining the regional neurodegeneration phenotype.