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A genetic probe into the ancient and medieval history of Southern Europe and West Asia

2022; American Association for the Advancement of Science; Volume: 377; Issue: 6609 Linguagem: Inglês

10.1126/science.abq0755

1095-9203

Iosif Lazaridis, Songül Alpaslan-Roodenberg, Ayşe Acar, Ayşen Açıkkol, Anagnostis P. Agelarakis, Levon Aghikyan, Uğur Akyüz, Desislava Andreeva, Gojko Andrijašević, Dragana Antonović, Ian Armit, Alper Atmaca, Pavel Avetisyan, Ahmet İhsan Aytek, Krum Bacvarov, Ruben Badalyan, Stefan Bakardzhiev, Jacqueline Balen, Lorenc Bejko, Rebecca Bernardos, Andreas Bertsatos, Hanifi Biber, Ahmet Bilir, Mario Bodružić, Michelle Bonogofsky, Clive Bonsall, Dušan Borić, Nikola Borovinić, Guillermo Bravo Morante, Katharina Buttinger, Kimberly Callan, Francesca Candilio, Mario Carić, Olivia Cheronet, Stefan Chohadzhiev, Maria‐Eleni Chovalopoulou, Stella Chryssoulaki, Ion Ciobanu, Natalija Čondić, Mihai Constantinescu, Emanuela Cristiani, Brendan J. Culleton, Elizabeth Curtis, Jack Davis, Ruben Davtyan, Tatiana I. Demcenco, V. A. Dergachev, Zafer Derin, Sylvia Deskaj, Seda Devejyan, Vojislav Djordjević, Kellie Sara Duffett Carlson, Laurie Eccles, Nedko Elenski, Atilla Engi̇n, Nihat Erdoğan, Sabiha Erir-Pazarcı, Daniel Fernandes, Matthew Ferry, Suzanne Freilich, Alin Frînculeasa, Michael L. Galaty, Beatriz Gamarra, Boris Gasparyan, Bisserka Gaydarska, Elif Genç, Timur Gülteki̇n, Serkan Gündüz, Tamás Hajdu, Volker Heyd, Suren Hobosyan, Nelli Hovhannisyan, Iliya Iliev, Lora Iliev, Stanislav Iliev, İlkay İvgin, Ivor Janković, Lenče Jovanova, Panagiotis Karkanas, Berna KAVAZ KINDIĞILI, Esra Hilal Kaya, Denise Keating, Douglas J. Kennett, Seda Deniz Kesici, Anahit Yu. Khudaverdyan, Krisztián Kiss, Sinan Kılıç, Paul Klostermann, Sinem Kostak Boca Negra Valdes, Saša Kovačević, Marta Krenz‐Niedbała, Maja Krznarić Škrivanko, Rovena Kurti, Pasko Kuzman, Ann Marie Lawson, Cǎtǎlin Lazăr, Krassimir Leshtakov, Thomas E. Levy, Ioannis Liritzis, Kirsi O. Lorentz, Sylwia Łukasik, Matthew Mah, Swapan Mallick, Kirsten Mandl, Kristine Martirosyan-Olshansky, Roger Matthews, Wendy Matthews, Kathleen McSweeney, Varduhi Melikyan, Adam Micco, Megan Michel, Lidija Milašinović, Alissa Mittnik, Janet Monge, Georgi Nekhrizov, Rebecca Nicholls, Alexey G. Nikitin, Vassil Nikolov, Mario Novak, Ïñigo Olalde, Jonas Oppenheimer, Anna J. Osterholtz, Celal Özdemir, Kadir Toykan Özdoğan, Nurettin Öztürk, Nikos Papadimitriou, Niki Papakonstantinou, Anastasia Papathanasiou, Lujana Paraman, Evgeny G. Paskary, Nick Patterson, Ilian Petrakiev, Levon Petrosyan, Vanya Petrova, Anna Philippa-Touchais, Ashot Piliposyan, Nada Pocuca Kuzman, Hrvoje Potrebica, Bianca Preda-Bălănică, Zrinka Premužić, T. Douglas Price, Lijun Qiu, Siniša Radović, Kamal Raeuf Aziz, Petra Rajić Šikanjić, Kamal Rasheed Raheem, Sergey Razumov, Amy Richardson, Jacob Roodenberg, Rudenç Ruka, Victoria Russeva, Mustafa Şahin, Ayşegül ŞARBAK, Emre Savaş, Constanze Schattke, Lynne A. Schepartz, Tayfun Selçuk, Ayla Sevim Erol, Michel Shamoon‐Pour, Henry M. Shephard, Athanasios Sideris, Angela Simalcsik, Hakob Simonyan, Vitalij Sinika, Kendra Sirak, Ghenadie Sîrbu, Mario Šlaus, Andrei Soficaru, Bilal Söğüt, Arkadiusz Sołtysiak, Çilem Sönmez-Sözer, Maria Stathi, Martin Steskal, Kristin Stewardson, Sharon R. Stocker, Fadime Suata Alpaslan, Alexander Suvorov, Anna Szécsényi‐Nagy, Tamás Szeniczey, Nikolai Telnov, Strahil Temov, Nadezhda Todorova, Ulsi Tota, Gilles Touchais, Sevi Triantaphyllou, Atila Türker, Marina Ugarković, Todor Valchev, Fanica Veljanovska, Zlatko Videvski, Cristian Virag, A. Wagner, Sam Walsh, Piotr Włodarczak, J. Noah Workman, Aram Yardumian, Evgenii Yarovoy, Alper Yavuz, Hakan Yılmaz, Fatma Zalzala, Anna Zettl, Zhao Zhang, Rafet Çavuşoğlu, Nadin Rohland, Ron Pinhasi, David Reich,

Forensic Anthropology and Bioarchaeology Studies

Literary and archaeological sources have preserved a rich history of Southern Europe and West Asia since the Bronze Age that can be complemented by genetics. Mycenaean period elites in Greece did not differ from the general population and included both people with some steppe ancestry and others, like the Griffin Warrior, without it. Similarly, people in the central area of the Urartian Kingdom around Lake Van lacked the steppe ancestry characteristic of the kingdom’s northern provinces. Anatolia exhibited extraordinary continuity down to the Roman and Byzantine periods, with its people serving as the demographic core of much of the Roman Empire, including the city of Rome itself. During medieval times, migrations associated with Slavic and Turkic speakers profoundly affected the region.