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Compositionally and density stratified igneous terrain in Jezero crater, Mars

2022; American Association for the Advancement of Science; Volume: 8; Issue: 34 Linguagem: Inglês

10.1126/sciadv.abo3399

2375-2548

R. C. Wiens, Arya Udry, Olivier Beyssac, Cathy Quantin‐Nataf, N. Mangold, A. Cousin, Lucia Mandon, Tanja Bosak, O. Forni, S. M. McLennan, V. Sautter, A. J. Brown, Karim Benzerara, J. R. Johnson, L. E. Mayhew, S. Maurice, R. B. Anderson, S. M. Clegg, L. S. Crumpler, T. S. J. Gabriel, P. J. Gasda, James Hall, B. Horgan, Linda C. Kah, Carey Legett, Juan Manuel Madariaga, P. Y. Meslin, A. Ollila, F. Poulet, Clément Royer, Shiv K. Sharma, Sandra Siljeström, Justin I. Simon, T. E. Acosta-Maeda, César Álvarez-Llamas, S. Michael Angel, Gorka Arana, Pierre Beck, Sylvain Bernard, Tanguy Bertrand, Bruno Bousquet, Kepa Castro, Baptiste Chide, Elise Clavé, E. A. Cloutis, Stephanie Connell, E. Dehouck, Gilles Dromart, Woodward W. Fischer, Thierry Fouchet, Raymond Francis, J. Frydenvang, O. Gasnault, Erin Gibbons, Sanjeev Gupta, Elisabeth M. Hausrath, Xavier Jacob, Hemani Kalucha, Evan M. Kelly, Elise Wright Knutsen, N. Lanza, J. J. Laserna, J. Lasue, Stéphane Le Mouëlic, Richard Léveillé, G. López-Reyes, R. D. Lorenz, J. A. Manrique, Jesús Martínez‐Frías, Tim McConnochie, Noureddine Melikechi, D. Mimoun, Franck Montmessin, Javier Moros, Naomi Murdoch, P. Pilleri, C. Pilorget, P. Pinet, W. Rapin, F. Rull, Susanne Schröder, David L. Shuster, R. J. Smith, Alexander Stott, Jesse Tarnas, Nathalie Turenne, Marco Veneranda, David Vogt, B. P. Weiss, Peter A. Willis, K. M. Stack, Kenneth H. Williford, K. A. Farley,

Geology and Paleoclimatology Research

Before Perseverance, Jezero crater's floor was variably hypothesized to have a lacustrine, lava, volcanic airfall, or aeolian origin. SuperCam observations in the first 286 Mars days on Mars revealed a volcanic and intrusive terrain with compositional and density stratification. The dominant lithology along the traverse is basaltic, with plagioclase enrichment in stratigraphically higher locations. Stratigraphically lower, layered rocks are richer in normative pyroxene. The lowest observed unit has the highest inferred density and is olivine-rich with coarse (1.5 millimeters) euhedral, relatively unweathered grains, suggesting a cumulate origin. This is the first martian cumulate and shows similarities to martian meteorites, which also express olivine disequilibrium. Alteration materials including carbonates, sulfates, perchlorates, hydrated silicates, and iron oxides are pervasive but low in abundance, suggesting relatively brief lacustrine conditions. Orbital observations link the Jezero floor lithology to the broader Nili-Syrtis region, suggesting that density-driven compositional stratification is a regional characteristic.