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Medical treatment of patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: An overview of current and emerging therapy

2022; Elsevier BV; Volume: 115; Issue: 10 Linguagem: Inglês

10.1016/j.acvd.2022.06.003

1875-2136

Michele Iavarone, Emanuele Monda, Olga Vritz, Dimpna C. Albert, Marta Rubino, Federica Verrillo, Martina Caiazza, Michele Lioncino, Federica Amodio, Natale Guarnaccia, Felice Gragnano, Raffaella Lombardi, Giovanni Esposito, Eduardo Bossone, Paolo Calabrò, Maria Angela Losi, Giuseppe Limongelli,

Cardiovascular Function and Risk Factors

Several treatments have demonstrated safety and effectiveness in the treatment of patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy; however, no drug has been shown to modify the natural history of the disease or to decrease maximal wall thickness. Improvement in our knowledge of the physiopathology of the disease has permitted the development of new therapeutical approaches, including sarcomere modulators and gene therapy. A sarcomere modulator – mavacamten – has been shown to improve exercise capacity, left ventricular outflow tract obstruction, New York Heart Association functional class and health status in a phase 3 trial. Gene therapy – although still far from human experimentation – also has promising characteristics that may radically revolutionize the treatment of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in the future. This therapy is currently approved for the treatment of select haematological malignancies, inherited retinal dystrophy and spinal muscular atrophy, and could potentially correct the genetic alterations of the most frequent sarcomeric forms of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. This review provides an overview of current conventional therapies for the management of patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, discusses emerging therapeutic approaches and presents future perspectives.