Portal de Periódicos da CAPES

Revisão Acesso aberto Produção Nacional Revisado por pares

BIBTEX RIS

Synthesizing the connections between environmental disturbances and zoonotic spillover

2022; Brazilian Academy of Sciences; Volume: 94; Issue: suppl 3 Linguagem: Inglês

10.1590/0001-3765202220211530

1678-2690

Joel Henrique Ellwanger, Philip M. Fearnside, Marina Ziliotto, Jacqueline María Valverde-Villegas, Ana Beatriz Gorini da Veiga, Gustavo Fioravanti Vieira, Evelise Bach, Jáder da Cruz Cardoso, Nícolas Felipe Drumm Müller, Gabriel Lopes, Lílian Caesar, Bruna Kulmann‐Leal, Valéria de Lima Kaminski, Etiele de Senna Silveira, Fernando Rosado Spilki, Matheus Nunes Weber, Sabrina Esteves de Matos Almeida, Vanusa Pousada da Hora, José Artur Bogo Chies,

Mosquito-borne diseases and control

Zoonotic spillover is a phenomenon characterized by the transfer of pathogens between different animal species. Most human emerging infectious diseases originate from non-human animals, and human-related environmental disturbances are the driving forces of the emergence of new human pathogens. Synthesizing the sequence of basic events involved in the emergence of new human pathogens is important for guiding the understanding, identification, and description of key aspects of human activities that can be changed to prevent new outbreaks, epidemics, and pandemics. This review synthesizes the connections between environmental disturbances and increased risk of spillover events based on the One Health perspective. Anthropogenic disturbances in the environment (e.g., deforestation, habitat fragmentation, biodiversity loss, wildlife exploitation) lead to changes in ecological niches, reduction of the dilution effect, increased contact between humans and other animals, changes in the incidence and load of pathogens in animal populations, and alterations in the abiotic factors of landscapes. These phenomena can increase the risk of spillover events and, potentially, facilitate new infectious disease outbreaks. Using Brazil as a study model, this review brings a discussion concerning anthropogenic activities in the Amazon region and their potential impacts on spillover risk and spread of emerging diseases in this region.