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Interval between prior SARS-CoV-2 infection and booster vaccination impacts magnitude and quality of antibody and B cell responses

2022; Cell Press; Volume: 185; Issue: 23 Linguagem: Inglês

10.1016/j.cell.2022.09.032

1097-4172

Clarisa M. Buckner, Lela Kardava, Omar El Merhebi, Sandeep Narpala, Leonid Serebryannyy, Bob C. Lin, Wei Wang, Xiaozhen Zhang, Felipe Lopes de Assis, Sophie Kelly, I‐Ting Teng, Genevieve E. McCormack, Lauren Praiss, Catherine Seamon, Mohammad Ali, Heather Kalish, Peter D. Kwong, Michael A. Proschan, Adrian B. McDermott, Anthony S. Fauci, Tae‐Wook Chun, Susan Moir,

Animal Virus Infections Studies

SARS-CoV-2 mRNA booster vaccines provide protection from severe disease, eliciting strong immunity that is further boosted by previous infection. However, it is unclear whether these immune responses are affected by the interval between infection and vaccination. Over a 2-month period, we evaluated antibody and B cell responses to a third-dose mRNA vaccine in 66 individuals with different infection histories. Uninfected and post-boost but not previously infected individuals mounted robust ancestral and variant spike-binding and neutralizing antibodies and memory B cells. Spike-specific B cell responses from recent infection (<180 days) were elevated at pre-boost but comparatively less so at 60 days post-boost compared with uninfected individuals, and these differences were linked to baseline frequencies of CD27lo B cells. Day 60 to baseline ratio of BCR signaling measured by phosphorylation of Syk was inversely correlated to days between infection and vaccination. Thus, B cell responses to booster vaccines are impeded by recent infection.