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Stone tools improve diet quality in wild monkeys

2022; Elsevier BV; Volume: 32; Issue: 18 Linguagem: Inglês

10.1016/j.cub.2022.07.056

1879-0445

Patrícia Izar, Lucas Peternelli‐dos‐Santos, Jessica M. Rothman, David Raubenheimer, Andréa Presotto, Gerrit Gort, Elisabetta Visalberghi, Dorothy M. Fragaszy,

Pleistocene-Era Hominins and Archaeology

Tool use is a fundamental feature of human evolution. Stone tools are in the archaeological record from 3.4 Ma, even before Homo,1Harmand S. Lewis J.E. Feibel C.S. Lepre C.J. Prat S. Lenoble A. Boës X. Quinn R.L. Brenet M. Arroyo A. 3.3-million-year-old stone tools from Lomekwi 3, West Turkana, Kenya.Nature. 2015; 521: 310-315https://doi.org/10.1038/nature14464Crossref PubMed Scopus (558) Google Scholar and the use of stone tools probably predated the split between hominins and panins.2Panger M.A. Brooks A.S. Richmond B.G. Wood B. Older than the Oldowan? Rethinking the emergence of hominin tool use.Evol. Anthropol. Issues News Rev. 2002; 11: 235-245https://doi.org/10.1002/evan.10094Crossref Scopus (173) Google Scholar Using tools (hereafter, tooling cf Fragaszy and Mangalam3Fragaszy D.M. Mangalam M. Tooling. Adv. Study Behav. 2018; 50: 177-241https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.asb.2018.01.001Crossref Scopus (43) Google Scholar) is hypothesized to have improved hominins’ foraging efficiency or access to high-quality foods.4Ambrose S.H. Paleolithic technology and human evolution.Science. 2001; 291: 1748-1753https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1059487Crossref PubMed Scopus (541) Google Scholar, 5Kaplan H. Hill K. Lancaster J. Hurtado A.M. A theory of human life history evolution: diet, intelligence, and longevity.Evol. Anthropol. Issues News Rev. 2000; 9: 156-185https://doi.org/10.1002/1520-6505(2000)9:4 3.0.CO;2-7Crossref Scopus (1407) Google Scholar, 6Ungar P.S. Grine F.E. Teaford M.F. Diet in early Homo: a review of the evidence and a new model of adaptive versatility.Annu. Rev. Anthropol. 2006; 35: 209-228https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.anthro.35.081705.123153Crossref Scopus (157) Google Scholar, 7Shea J.J. Occasional, obligatory, and habitual stone tool use in hominin evolution.Evol. Anthropol. 2017; 26: 200-217https://doi.org/10.1002/evan.21547Crossref PubMed Scopus (56) Google Scholar This hypothesis is supported if feeding with tools positively contributes to diet quality in extant non-human primates or if foraging efficiency is increased by tooling. However, the contribution of tooling to non-human primates’ foraging success has never been investigated through a direct analysis of nutritional ecology.8Raubenheimer D. Simpson S.J. Mayntz D. Nutrition, ecology and nutritional ecology: toward an integrated framework.Funct. Ecol. 2009; 23: 4-16https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2435.2009.01522.xCrossref Scopus (435) Google Scholar,9Martínez Steele E. Raubenheimer D. Simpson S.J. Baraldi L.G. Monteiro C.A. Ultra-processed foods, protein leverage and energy intake in the USA.Public Health Nutr. 2018; 21: 114-124https://doi.org/10.1017/S1368980017001574Crossref PubMed Scopus (57) Google Scholar We used multi-dimensional nutritional geometry to analyze energy and macronutrients (nonstructural carbohydrates, lipids, and protein) in the diets of wild capuchin monkeys (Sapajus libidinous) that routinely crack palm nuts with stone hammers.10Elisabetta V. Haslam M. Spagnoletti N. Fragaszy D. Use of stone hammer tools and anvils by bearded capuchin monkeys over time and space: construction of an archeological record of tool use.J. Archaeol. Sci. 2013; 40: 3222-3232https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jas.2013.03.021Crossref Scopus (55) Google Scholar,11Spagnoletti N. Visalberghi E. Verderane M.P. Ottoni E. Izar P. Fragaszy D. Stone tool use in wild bearded capuchin monkeys, Cebus libidinosus. Is it a strategy to overcome food scarcity?.Anim. Behav. 2012; 83: 1285-1294https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anbehav.2012.03.002Crossref Scopus (71) Google Scholar We show that eating nuts obtained through tooling helps monkeys to achieve more consistent dietary intakes. Tooling increased the net energy gain by 50% and decreased the proportion of fiber ingested by 7%. Tooling also increased the daily non-protein energy intake. By contrast, protein intake remained constant across foraging days, suggesting a pattern of macronutrient regulation called protein prioritization, which is also found in contemporary humans.8Raubenheimer D. Simpson S.J. Mayntz D. Nutrition, ecology and nutritional ecology: toward an integrated framework.Funct. Ecol. 2009; 23: 4-16https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2435.2009.01522.xCrossref Scopus (435) Google Scholar,9Martínez Steele E. Raubenheimer D. Simpson S.J. Baraldi L.G. Monteiro C.A. Ultra-processed foods, protein leverage and energy intake in the USA.Public Health Nutr. 2018; 21: 114-124https://doi.org/10.1017/S1368980017001574Crossref PubMed Scopus (57) Google Scholar In addition, tooling reduced dispersion in the ratio of protein to non-protein energy, suggesting a role in macronutrient balancing. Our findings suggest that tooling prior to tool making could have substantially increased the nutritional security of ancestral hominins, sowing the seeds for cultural development.5Kaplan H. Hill K. Lancaster J. Hurtado A.M. A theory of human life history evolution: diet, intelligence, and longevity.Evol. Anthropol. Issues News Rev. 2000; 9: 156-185https://doi.org/10.1002/1520-6505(2000)9:4 3.0.CO;2-7Crossref Scopus (1407) Google Scholar,7Shea J.J. Occasional, obligatory, and habitual stone tool use in hominin evolution.Evol. Anthropol. 2017; 26: 200-217https://doi.org/10.1002/evan.21547Crossref PubMed Scopus (56) Google ScholarVideo abstracteyJraWQiOiI4ZjUxYWNhY2IzYjhiNjNlNzFlYmIzYWFmYTU5NmZmYyIsImFsZyI6IlJTMjU2In0.eyJzdWIiOiIzZTM4ZDM5YzE2ZWE5MGNhMWY3NGQ4MjhjYTcyZDI3NiIsImtpZCI6IjhmNTFhY2FjYjNiOGI2M2U3MWViYjNhYWZhNTk2ZmZjIiwiZXhwIjoxNjk2NDAxNTE1fQ.iYATHFeu07tLy0oh5cAWCLpn6TjTleP0Pgvtl-l3u9DTeu20SV5ojxGvZf_lGMSxz-ed7kF85xSJiIvwDOh9ktuZwZlYPfyiM8lwxoTYtpMNdQERpKRftwP7qJRN3W-jL1CMF-D6lFq4cH_gmrxL-s2VbP867aMDKDmoc3DBpMSXsQ28SlT6-x9h3fdZ_TR__ftEDAJpd7ciK3ufdiOKkpW7VXjCyM5_S-zDMzIOkjrYC8pBGueG7g9GHAmECOjEL1HSgNzwY5Il11JxXKPjMtfnkr2fcHkRW5D2pMidyqjB-csDce_pHYez07VEqqRqeAd8jydu_quCqJ8pbrFX4g(mp4, (63.53 MB) Download video