Index
2022; Emerald Publishing Limited; Linguagem: Inglês
10.1108/s2044-994120220000015002
ISSN2044-995X
Tópico(s)Vehicle emissions and performance
ResumoCitation (2022), "Index", Parkhurst, G. and Clayton, W. (Ed.) Electrifying Mobility: Realising a Sustainable Future for the Car (Transport and Sustainability, Vol. 15), Emerald Publishing Limited, Bingley, pp. 247-255. https://doi.org/10.1108/S2044-994120220000015002 Publisher: Emerald Publishing Limited Copyright © 2022 Emerald Publishing Limited INDEX Note: Page numbers followed by “n” indicate notes. Acidification, 43 Action plan electric mobility, 78–79 Active mobility, 162–163 Activity-based Model (ActBM), 180–181 Adoption of EVs, influences on, 99 theories of technology adoption, 98–99 Afreecar, 66–67 Agency model, 65 Alternative fuel vehicles (AFVs), 103 Aluminium (Al), 39 Analytical approaches, 8 Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP), 181 Artificial intelligence (AI), 199 Automated travel, 129 Automobile ‘regime’, 233 Automobility electric automobility, 233 electrification of, 4–11 gasoline-powered automobility, 23 Automotive industry, 9, 194 distribution model of incumbent, 17–18 EU regulations on CO2 emissions, 57 ‘Formula E-team’, 79 importance, and inertia of, 16 structure and economics of, 54 Automotive supply chain, 240 Automotive value chain, 244 Autonomous vehicle (AV), 212, 227, 242 adoption, 213 AV-related Statistics, 217 questions on AV-related policy, 221 Back-up electricity supply, 66 Battery electric vehicles (BEVs), 7, 34–35, 78, 194, 232 production, distribution, and retail strategies, 63–65 well-to-wheel-efficiency of, 36 Battery exchange, 166, 204–205 systems, 204 Battery swap (see Battery exchange) Battery swap station (BSS), 204 Battery/batteries, 37, 192, 196, 240 assembly capacity, 57 components, 39–40 end-of-life, 65–66 management systems, 197 packs, 59–62 second life applications, 65-66 technologies in battery development, 198–202 Behaviour change, 233 Behavioural spillover, 108 Beijing Automotive Industrial Corporation (BAIC), 205 Better Place concept, 65–66 BMW i3, 64 Bosch company, 192 Business models, 10–11, 192 of EV retail, 241 Business-to-consumer model, 100 Capacity, 21 Car car-based motorisation, 10 industry, 14–19 infrastructure, charging, and land use patterns, 19–21 Car culture, 16, 244 and habits, 21–23 Car financing schemes, 130 Car manufacturers, 205 Car mobility, 84 electrification of, 75 hegemony of ICE mobility, 75–78 surge in full-electric mobility, 80–84 surge in plug-in HEV mobility, 78–80 Car ownership, 243 Car production, 25, 77 Car-dependence, 243 transportation system, 16 Carbon black, 39 Carbon case in lifecycle perspective, 36–39 Carbon emissions, 14, 39, 57, 61, 63, 239 Carbon fibre reinforced plastic body (CFRP), 64 Carbon footprint (CF), 36 Carbon monoxide (CO), 44 Carbonaceous fuels, 34 Cell assembly, 61–62 Cell finishing, 61–62 Cell manufacturing process, 61 ‘Cell-to-pack’ technology, 57, 61 Ceramic electrolytes, 200 Charger network coverage, 139 Charging behaviours, 122 Charging source of electricity, 37 Charging etiquette, 240 Charging infrastructure, 19–21 Charging points, 142, 162, 171, 179, 181–182, 195–197, 204–206, 240 Charging process, 195, 201 Charging stations, 163 charging process, 165–166 charging speed, 166–167 energy source, 164–165 methodology for location of charging stations, 176 power flow direction, 167–168 technology for, 163 type, 165 Charging technologies, 10 Chinese EV market, 205 Circular economy concept, 235 Clean vehicle technologies, 194 Climate change, 4, 14, 40, 103 Co-dynamics of car drivers and manufacturers, 85–87 CO2 emissions, 40 ‘Cocooning’ function of automobile, 22 Communication channels, 98 Comprehensive ReCiPe evaluation scheme, 42 Congestion pricing scheme, 213 Connected and autonomous vehicles (CAV), 213 Construction costs, 173 Contactless charging method (see Wireless charging method) Conventional batteries, 200 COP26 Declaration, 232 Copper (Cu), 39 Costs, 173 economic-financial criteria, 174 and leasing options, 99–100 of ownership, 121 types of, 179 COVID-19 pandemic, 194 Cplex optimiser, 179 Cultural narratives, 22 Customer perception of EVs, 136–137 Decarbonisation, 9, 120 Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), 58 Demographics and early adopters, 102 Detouring, to recharge, 123 Diffusion of innovation theory, 98 Digital ethnography, 8 Directional smart charging, 105 Discourse analysis, 8, 75 Document analysis, 75 Driver(s) Adopting, 127 challenges of being EV, 123, 139–144 of conventional cars, 122–123 Driving experience EV, 104 substantial negative impact on, 140 Dynamic ride-sharing (DRS), 212, 221, 224 Dynamism, 240 Dysprosium (Dy), 59 E-boards, 34 E-commerce companies, 194 E-mobility in Netherlands, 72 E-scooters, 7 Eco Ranking platform, 127 Eco-driving, 10 Economic-financial issues of charging stations, 172–173, 174 Electric automobility, 233 Electric bicycle (E-bike), 7, 34, 38 Electric car blogger, 21 Electric car charging challenges, 162–163 criteria and parameters for location of charging stations, 168–176 future trends in charging station research, 182–184 infrastructure deployment, 160 long-term policies of European Union, 161 methodology for location of charging stations, 176–182 technology for charging stations, 163–168 Electric car owner advice and recommendations, 150–152 challenges of being EV driver, 139–144 customer perception of EVs, 136–137 EV owner, 137–138 learning to EV owner, 144–146 realities of EV ownership, 137 sharing experiences, 147–149 upscaling of innovations, 138–139 Electric car production, 54 BEV production, distribution, and retail strategies, 63–65 EV manufacturing, 59–62 EV supply chain, 56–59 ICE and EV comparison, 54–56 lifecycle management and end-of-life battery packs, 65–66 L-class vehicles, 66–67 Electric cars, 5, 8, 34 attitudes towards acquisition, 215-227 beyond battery, potential solutions for future development, 202–205 battery components, 39–40 condition for achieving sustainability mobility, 243–244 effects on local air quality, 43–46 energy consumption of, 34–36 EV market outlook, 193–195 factors influencing rate of transition, 236–239 follow-the-money analysis of vehicle electrification investments, 195–198 full environmental impacts, 40–43 future uncertainty, 240–242 from life cycle perspective, 39 technologies in battery development, 198–202 Electric mini cars, 38 Electric mobility, 35, 193 Electric motive power, 5 Electric powertrains, 22 Electric road service (ERS), 203–204 Electric SAV service (SAEV service), 219 Electric skate, 34 Electric vehicle (EV), 5–6, 14–15, 17–19, 97–98, 120, 136, 192, 212 buying or owning EV influence other behaviours, 107–110 challenges of being EV driver, 139 costs and leasing options, 99–100 customer perception of, 136–137 demographics and early adopters, 102 environmental credentials, 101 environmental identity, symbolism, and social influence, 103–104 EV-related Statistics, 223 experience and trust, 104 ICE conversion to, 236 influences on adoption of, 99 infrastructural challenges139–140 innovative technologies for, 160 innovativeness, 102 manufacturing, 59–62 market, 193, 238 owner, 137–138 pre-COVID 19 forecasts of production, 54 preferences on EV purchase and usage, 222–223 range and charging concerns, 100–101 realities of EV ownership, 137 smart charging, 104–106 social, 142–177 supply chain, 56–59 technological, 141–142 temporal challenges, 140–141 theories of technology adoption, 98–99 Electrification, 5–6, 9, 34, 232–233 of car mobility practices, 75–84 electrification-related technologies, 195 of mobility sector, 7 Electrified kick scooters, 34 Electrode assembly, 61 Electrode manufacturing, 61 Electrolytes, 201 Energy consumption of electric cars, 34 BEVs, 34–35 fuel cell electric car, 35–36 well-to-wheel-efficiency of BEVs, 36 Energy source, 164–165 Energy-intensive production process, 57 Environmental credentials of EVs, 101, 103 condition for achieving sustainability mobility, 243–244 effects on local air quality, 43–46 energy consumption of, 34–36 fine dust, 41, 43 Particulate emissions, 43 Particulate matter (PM), 44 Environmental identity, 103–104 Environmental issues of charging stations, 176 ‘Etiquette cards’, 143–144 European stimulus plans, 194 EV transition, 234, 243 Experience and trust, 104 Ferrous Sulphate, 39 FIAT 500e, 64 Financial flows analysis, 8 Fiscal structure, 128–129 Flow Capturing Location Model (FCLM), 182 Follow-the-money methodology, 192, 195 analysis of vehicle electrification investments, 195–198 increment of amount invested on electrical vehicles technologies, 196 investment analysis by components, 197 Forecasting Evolutionary Activity-Travel of Households and Environmental Repercussions (FEATHERS), 181 ‘Formula E-team’, 79 Free trials, 99 Fuel cell electric vehicle (FCV), 7, 35-36 Gasoline-powered automobility, 23 General Algebraic Modelling System (GAMS), 179 General Motors, 16–17, 202 Genetic Algorithms (GA), 179 Geographic Information System (GIS), 181, 197 Global positioning system (GPS), 212 Global Value Chain (GVC), 194, 196 Graphite, 39 Green charging stations, 183 ‘Green’ e-mobility marketing, 236 Greener electronics production, 43 Greenhouse gas emissions (GHG emissions), 36, 214, 239 Grid-to-vehicle (V2G), 105 Habitual behaviours, 107 Hegemony of ICE mobility, 75–78 Heuristic method, 179, 197 ‘High-octane’ approach, 236 Hire Purchase arrangements, 242 Home locations, 224–227 future scenario statistics, 225 responses regarding home location, 228 Hybrid powertrain systems, 192 Hybrid-electric vehicles (HEV), 78, 222 purchasers, 222 Hydrogen fuel cell, 7 ‘ICEing’ phenomenon, 19, 22 Identity, 23 environmental, 103–104 person’s personal, 22 self-identity, 103 sense of, 146 subcultural, 23 Impact evaluation schemes, 41 Infinity Power Solutions, 199 Inflation, 236 Informal support networks, 137 Initial public offerings (IPO), 192–193 Innovations in manufacturing process, 62 upscaling of, 138–139 Innovative technologies for electric vehicles, 160 Innovativeness, 102 Integer Programming (IP), 179 ‘Intel inside’ strategy, 65 Internal combustion engine (ICE), 5, 6, 54, 73, 234 ‘city car’, 237 co-evolution of ICE-based and electric mobility, 87–88 hegemony of ICE mobility, 75–78 ICE-EV hybrid, 8 production strategies, 233 vehicles (ICEVs), 34–35, 42, 97, 136, 140, 141, 162 International Energy Agency (IEA), 195 Interpersonal communication, 103 Interview analysis, 75 Land use, 171 Land use patterns, 19–21 Last-mile logistics, 194 Learning to EV owner, 144–146 Life Cycle Assessment (LCA), 36, 42–43 Lifecycle impact assessment, 43 Lifecycle impact of electric cars carbon case in lifecycle perspective, 36–39 electric cars effects on local air quality, 43–46 electric cars from life cycle perspective, 39–43 energy consumption of electric cars, 34–36 Lifecycle management, 65–66 Liquid fuels, 128 Lithium (Li), 199, 240 Lithium carbonate equivalent (LCE), 198 Lithium Iron Phosphate (LFP), 62 Lithium mining, 200 Lithium peroxide (Li2O2), 202 Lithium-air technologies, 196–197, 200 Lithium-ion technology, 192 Lithium–air batteries, 200–202 Log-Gaussian Cox Process, 180 Long-distance trips, 123 Low-carbon mobility, 14, 120 car culture and habits, 21–23 car industry, 14–19 car infrastructure, charging, and land use patterns, 19–21 drop-in solution, 14–16 political coalitions, 24 Magnetic induction charging dynamic practices (MIC-D practices), 166 Magnetic induction charging static practices (MIC-S practices), 166 Manganese (Mn), 39 MATLAB simulation, 182 Maximum coverage model, 180 Mechanical process, 202 Meta-heuristic method, 179 Metal-air technologies, 196–197 Metal–air batteries, 202 Microsimulation model, 213 Mineral resource depletion (MRD), 39 Mixed-Integer Programming (MIP), 179 Mobile phones, 212 Mobility disruptors, 129–130 electrification of mobility sector, 7 industry, 194 Mobility-as-a-Service (MaaS), 73, 194, 242 Monte Carlo simulation, 182 Motorisation, 196 Multi-criteria decision analysis, 181–182 Multi-criteria decision-making methods (MCDM), 181 Multi-Unit Residential Buildings (MURBs), 140 Multilevel perspective (MLP), 74 Multisourcing, 57 Negative spillover, 108 Negative stereotypes of EV, 136 Neighbourhood effect, 103 Neodymium (Nd), 59 Netherlands co-dynamics of car drivers and manufacturers, 85–87 conceptual framing and method, 74–75 degree of reconfiguration, 95 electric car mobility in, 74 electrification of car mobility practices, 75–84 emergence of e-mobility, 72–73 evolving degree of obduracy, 94 ICE-based and electric mobility, co-evolution of, 87–88 New European driving cycle (NEDC), 34 Nickel, manganese, and cobalt (NMC), 61 Nickel (Ni), 39 Nio (car manufacturer), 205 ES6 and ES8, 64 Nissan Leaf, 64 Operational costs, 173 activity-based model, 180–181 future trends in charging station research, 182–184 Monte Carlo simulation, 182 multi-criteria decision analysis, 181–182 optimisation methods and inferential models, 176–180 other methodologies, 182 Original equipment manufacturers (OEM), 192 Ownership of charging stations, 183 Ozone layer destruction, 43 Paris Agreement (see UN Climate Agreement) Parking Generation Rate Method (PGRM), 182 Particle swarm optimisation (PSO) 179 Passenger-km travelled (PKT), 37 Personal Contract Hire (car financing schemes), 130 Personal Contract Purchase, 242 ‘Personal mobility aids’, 244 Phosphoric acids, 39 Plug in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEV), 79, 142, 194, 222, 232 surge in plug-in HEV mobility, 78–80 Plug-in EVs. (PEVs), 214 Policy mix, 87–88 Policymakers, 14 Political-economic theory, 8 Polymeric electrolytes, 200 Potassium superoxide (KO2), 201 Powertrain, 54, 197 battery, 55 battery electric, 54 BEV, 55 diesel, 222 efficiency, 7–8 Electric, 236 electrifying, 63 EV, 121 ICE, 55 proportions of powertrain manufacturing costs for ICEV and BEV, 60 Tesla, 236 Practical aspects of car culture, 22 Praseodymium (Pr), 59 Pre-COVID 19 forecasts of electric vehicle production, 54 Private cars, 15 Private Equity-related investments, 193 Pro-car mayors, 14 Psychological factors, 100 Psychological theories of personality, 8 Public charging, 234 infrastructure, 139–140 Public transport, 162 Purpose dimension of travel, 125–127 Quantitative travel data analysis, 8 ‘Range anxiety’, 84, 162 ‘Range virility’, 244 Realities of EV ownership, 137 ‘Rebound effect’, 236 Rechargeable lead-acid battery, 5 ReCiPe aggregation scheme, 43 evaluation scheme, 39, 42 LCA impact evaluation scheme, 41 Renault (car manufacturer) Zoe, 64 Representational aspects of car culture, 21 Research and Development (R&D), 194 Resources-related impact categories, 41–42 Ride sharing platforms, 129 Road transport, 9 ‘Salary sacrifice’ tax efficient purchase scheme, 241 Shared Automated Vehicle (SAV), 219, 227 access costs, 212 technologies, 212 fleets, 221 pricing scenarios, 214, 219 rides, 224 SAV-related statistics, 220 Self-driving cars, 215-227 technologies, 218 vehicles, 216 Self-identity, 103 Self-presentation, 8 Short-duration vehicle hire services, 129 Singlet oxygen, 201 Sion Power® (battery manufacturer), 199 ‘Skateboard’ concept, 65 Smart charging, 104–106 Smart Management System for Electric Vehicle recharge (SMS-EV), 180 ‘Smoke-shading’, 4 Social influence, 103–104, 152 Social media, 236 Social norms, 8, 99, 103 Social practice theory (SPT), 8–9, 74–75 Social practices, 74, 123 Socio-demographic attributes, 174–175 Sociotechnical transition, 8 Solid system technology, 200 Solid-state batteries, 199, 201, 240 Solid-state technologies, 196–197, 199 Space–time geography, 8 Spatial dimension of travel, 122–123 Spatial distribution of trips, 214 Sports utility vehicles (SUV), 63 State of charge (SOC), 101 Storage systems, 185n1 Style dimension of travel, 127–128 ‘Sub-car’ vehicles, 34 Sulphuric acids, 39 ‘Supercars’, 236 Supportive EV etiquettes, 241 Survey Sampling International (SSI), 214 Sustainable mobility, 233, 244 electric car as condition for achieving, 243–244 Sustainable transport modes, 162 Symbolism, 103–104 Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS), 181 Technological issues of charging stations, 171–172 Technology acceptance model, 98 Technology adoption theories, 8, 98–99 Technology for charging stations, 163–168 Temporal dimension of travel, 123–124 Tesla (car manufacturer), 235 Tesla Model S, 63, 64 Tesla Model X, 59 Titanium (Ti), 39 Total cost of ownership (TCO), 195 Tracxn database, 192–193, 195–196, 203 Traditional batteries, 199 Traditional car, 97 Traditional ICEVs, 65 Transactions and travel behaviours, 224 Transformation path of car mobility practices, 88 of practices, 88 of social practices, 99 Transition pathway, 88 Transport planning, 173–174, 175 Transport system, 129 Transport-derived emissions, 9 Travel behaviours, 107, 224 Travel patterns, 121–122 change in future, 128 EV difference with conventional cars, 120–121 fiscal structure, 128–129 mobility disruptors, 129–130 purpose dimension of travel, 125–127 spatial dimension of travel, 122–123 style dimension of travel, 127–128 technical performance, 128 temporal dimension of travel, 123–124 Trip-making patterns, 240 Trust, experience and, 104 UN Climate Agreement, 80 Uncertainty in rate of EV transition, 240–242 Unidirectional smart charging, 105 Unified Cell Concept, 59 Urban planning, 171–172 US Census Public Use Microdata Sample (PUMS), 215 US National Household Travel Survey, 214 Value of travel time (VOTT), 218 Vehicle miles travelled (VMT), 212 Vehicle range, 10, 124, 126, 184, 243 Vehicle-to-grid (V2G), 65, 105–106 Vehicle(s), 120, 203 acquisition decision, 215 follow-the-money analysis of vehicle electrification investments, 195–198 manufacturers, 55, 58 vehicle-related challenges, 227 Venture Capital (VC), 193 Vertical integration and production strategies, 56–59 Volatile organic compounds (VOC), 44 VW (car manufacturer) ID, 65 Sustainability performance, 235 Well-to-wheel-efficiency of BEVs, 36 Wireless charging method, 166 Worldwide Harmonized Light Vehicles Test Procedure (WLTP), 34 Zero emission vehicle (ZEV), 9, 43, 77 Zero PM-emission vehicles, 46 Zero-carbon energy, 5 Zinc–air batteries, 202 Book Chapters Prelims Part 1: The Political-Economic Context and Environmental Imperative Chapter 1: The Electrification of Automobility Chapter 2: Easy Street for Low-Carbon Mobility? The Political Economy of Mass Electric Car Adoption Chapter 3: The Energy and Emissions Case and the Lifecycle Impact of Electric Cars Part 2: Overcoming Inertia: From Internal Combustion Engine to Electric Car Chapter 4: Producing the Electric Car Chapter 5: Making the Market: The Transformation Pathway to Electric Car Mobility in the Netherlands Chapter 6: Choosing the Electric Car Part 3: Living with the Electric Car Chapter 7: The Effect of Electric Car Adoption on Travel Patterns Chapter 8: Becoming an Electric Car Owner – User Experience and the EV Community Chapter 9: Planning for Electric Car Charging: A Review of Technologies, Criteria and Methods Part 4: Electric Cars in the Future Chapter 10: Electric Cars: The Future Technological Potential Chapter 11: Americans’ Plans for Acquiring and Using Electric, Shared, and Self-Driving Cars Chapter 12: The Electric Car as a Component of Future Sustainable Mobility Index
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