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A lower bound on intergalactic magnetic fields from time variability of 1ES 0229+200 from MAGIC and Fermi /LAT observations

2022; EDP Sciences; Volume: 670; Linguagem: Inglês

10.1051/0004-6361/202244126

1432-0746

V. A. Acciari, I. Agudo, T. Aniello, S. Ansoldi, L. A. Antonelli, A. Arbet Engels, M. Artero, Katsuaki Asano, Dominik Baack, A. Babić, Andrés Baquero, U. Barres de Almeida, J. A. Barrio, Ivana Batković, J. Becerra González, W. Bednarek, E. Bernardini, M. Bernardos, A. Berti, J. Besenrieder, W. Bhattacharyya, C. Bigongiari, A. Biland, O. Blanch, Hendrik Bökenkamp, G. Bonnoli, Ž. Bošnjak, Irene Burelli, G. Busetto, R. Carosi, G. Ceribella, M. Cerruti, Yating Chai, A. Chilingarian, S. Cikota, E. Colombo, Juan L. Contreras, J. Cortina, S. Covino, Giacomo D’Amico, V. D’Elia, P. Da Vela, F. Dazzi, A. De Angelis, B. De Lotto, A. Del Popolo, M. Delfino, J. Delgado, C. Delgado Mendez, Davide Depaoli, F. Di Pierro, L. Di Venere, E. Do Souto Espiñeira, D. Dominis Prester, A. Donini, D. Dorner, M. Doro, D. Elsäesser, V. Fallah Ramazani, L. Fariña, A. Fattorini, L. Font, C. Fruck, Satoshi Fukami, Y. Fukazawa, R. J. Garcı́a López, M. Garczarczyk, Sargis Gasparyan, M. Gaug, N. Giglietto, F. Giordano, P. Gliwny, N. Godinović, Jarred Gershon Green, D. Green, D. Hadasch, A. Hahn, T. Hassan, Lea Heckmann, J. Herrera, D. Hrupec, Moritz Hütten, Tomohiro Inada, R. Iotov, Kazuma Ishio, Y. Iwamura, Irene Jiménez Martínez, J. Jormanainen, L. Jouvin, D. Kerszberg, Y. Kobayashi, H. Kubo, J. Kushida, A. Lamastra, Damira Lelas, F. Leone, E. Lindfors, Lena Linhoff, Ioannis Liodakis, S. Lombardi, F. Longo, R. López-Coto, Marcos López, A. López-Oramas, S. Loporchio, A. Lorini, B. Machado de Oliveira Fraga, C. Maggio, P. Majumdar, M. Makariev, M. Mallamaci, G. Maneva, M. Manganaro, K. Mannheim, M. Mariotti, M. Martı́nez, Alvaro Mas-Aguilar, D. Mazin, S. Menchiari, S. Mender, S. Mičanović, Davide Miceli, Tjark Miener, J. M. Miranda, R. Mirzoyan, E. Molina, H. A. Mondal, A. Moralejo, Daniel Morcuende, V. Moreno, E. Moretti, Takeshi Nakamori, C. Nanci, L. Nava, V. Neustroev, M. Nievas Rosillo, C. Nigro, K. Nilsson, K. Nishijima, K. Noda, S. Nozaki, Y. Ohtani, Tomohiko Oka, Jorge Otero-Santos, S. Paiano, M. Palatiello, D. Paneque, R. Paoletti, J. M. Paredes, L. Pavletić, Pablo Peñil, M. Persic, M. Pihet, P. G. Prada Moroni, E. Prandini, Chaitanya Priyadarshi, I. Puljak, W. Rhode, M. Ribó, J. Rico, Chiara Righi, A. Rugliancich, N. Sahakyan, T. Saito, Shunsuke Sakurai, K. Satalecka, Francesco Gabriele Saturni, Bernd Schleicher, K. Schmidt, Felix Schmuckermaier, J. Schubert, T. Schweizer, J. Sitarek, I. Šnidarić, D. Sobczyńska, A. Spolon, A. Stamerra, Jelena Strišković, D. Strom, M. Strzys, Y. Suda, T. Surić, Mitsunari Takahashi, R. Takeishi, F. Tavecchio, P. Temnikov, T. Terzić, M. Teshima, Luca Tosti, S. Truzzi, Antonio Tutone, Santiago Ubach, J. van Scherpenberg, G. Vanzo, M. Vázquez Acosta, Sofia Ventura, V. Verguilov, I. Viale, C. Vigorito, V. Vitale, Ievgen Vovk, Martin Will, Carolin Wunderlich, T. Yamamoto, Darko Zarić, A. Neronov, D. Semikoz, A. Korochkin,

Radio Astronomy Observations and Technology

Extended and delayed emission around distant TeV sources induced by the effects of propagation of gamma rays through the intergalactic medium can be used for the measurement of the intergalactic magnetic field (IGMF). We search for delayed GeV emission from the hard-spectrum TeV blazar 1ES 0229+200 with the goal to detect or constrain the IGMF-dependent secondary flux generated during the propagation of TeV gamma rays through the intergalactic medium. We analyze the most recent MAGIC observations over a 5 year time span and complement them with historic data of the H.E.S.S. and VERITAS telescopes along with a 12-year long exposure of the Fermi/LAT telescope. We use them to trace source evolution in the GeV-TeV band over one-and-a-half decade in time. We use Monte Carlo simulations to predict the delayed secondary gamma-ray flux, modulated by the source variability, as revealed by TeV-band observations. We then compare these predictions for various assumed IGMF strengths to all available measurements of the gamma-ray flux evolution. We find that the source flux in the energy range above 200 GeV experiences variations around its average on the 14 years time span of observations. No evidence for the flux variability is found in 1-100 GeV energy range accessible to Fermi/LAT. Non-detection of variability due to delayed emission from electromagnetic cascade developing in the intergalactic medium imposes a lower bound of B>1.8e-17 G for long correlation length IGMF and B>1e-14 G for an IGMF of the cosmological origin. Though weaker than the one previously derived from the analysis of Fermi/LAT data, this bound is more robust, being based on a conservative intrinsic source spectrum estimate and accounting for the details of source variability in the TeV energy band. We discuss implications of this bound for cosmological magnetic fields which might explain the baryon asymmetry of the Universe.