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Global trends of pulmonary infections with nontuberculous mycobacteria: a systematic review

2022; Elsevier BV; Volume: 125; Linguagem: Inglês

10.1016/j.ijid.2022.10.013

1878-3511

Victor Næstholt Dahl, Martin Mølhave, Andreas Fløe, Jakko van Ingen, Thomas Schön, Troels Lillebæk, Aase Bengaard Andersen, Christian Wejse,

Tuberculosis Research and Epidemiology

ObjectivesTo describe the global trends of pulmonary nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) infection and disease.MethodsA systematic review of studies including culture-based NTM data over time. Studies reporting on pulmonary NTM infection and/or disease were included. Information on the use of guideline-based criteria for disease were collected, in which, infection is defined as the absence of symptoms and radiological findings compatible with NTM pulmonary disease. The trends of change for incidence/prevalence were evaluated using linear regressions, and the corresponding pooled estimates were calculated.ResultsMost studies reported increasing pulmonary NTM infection (82.1%) and disease (66.7%) trends. The overall annual rate of change for NTM infection and disease per 100,000 persons/year was 4.0% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 3.2-4.8) and 4.1% (95% CI: 3.2-5.0), respectively. For absolute numbers of NTM infection and disease, the overall annual change was 2.0 (95% CI: 1.6-2.3) and 0.5 (95% CI: 0.3-0.7), respectively. An increasing trend was also seen for Mycobacterium avium complex infection (n = 15/19, 78.9%) and disease (n = 10/12, 83.9%) and for Mycobacterium abscessus complex (n = 15/23, 65.2%) infection (n = 11/17, 64.7%) but less so for disease (n = 2/8, 25.0%).ConclusionOur data indicate an overall increase in NTM worldwide for both infection and disease. The explanation to this phenomenon warrants further investigation.