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(2918) Proposal to conserve the name Cycas riedlei Fisch. ex Gaudich. ( Macrozamia riedlei ) against C. riedlei Dum. Cours. ( Cycadaceae )

2022; Wiley; Volume: 71; Issue: 5 Linguagem: Inglês

10.1002/tax.12812

1996-8175

Michael Calonje, James A. R. Clugston,

Botanical Research and Applications

(2918) Cycas riedlei Fisch. ex Gaudich., Voy. Uranie, Bot.: 434. 28 Nov 1829 [Gymnosp.: Cycad.], nom. cons. prop. Typus: [W. Australia], “Nouv. Hollande, Baye du Geographe”, Leschenault (P barcode P04023803). Epitypus (hic designatus): Australia, Western Australia, Bornholm, 32 km W of Albany on Old Denmark Road, 8 Oct 1993, Hill 4557 (PERTH [on 2 sheets] Nos. 6306853 & 6306861). (H) Cycas riedlei Dum. Cours. in Bot. Cult., ed. 2, 2: 39. 1811, nom. rej. prop. Typus: non designatus. The name Cycas riedlei was reportedly coined by German botanist Friedrich Ernst Ludwig von Fischer (1782–1854), who served as the Director of the gardens of the Gorenki estate near Moscow, Russia and listed the plant, without any description, as “Cycas? Riedlei H. P.” (Fischer, Cat. Jard. Gorenki: 7. 1812). The acronym “H. P.” refers to “Hortus Parisiensis”, indicating that the relevant plant was obtained from the “Jardin des Plantes”, the botanical garden of the National Museum of Natural History in Paris. German agrostologist Ernst Gottlieb von Steudel (1783–1856) later listed the name, without description, as “Cycas Ridlei. Fisch. H. par.” (Steudel, Nomencl. Bot. 1: 247. 1821), ascribing it to Fischer and indicating the plant was sourced from the Hortus Parisiensis. Steudel's publication brought the new species to the attention of French Botanist Charles Gaudichaud-Beaupré (1789–1854), who validated Fischer's name (as Cycas riedlei Fisch. ex Gaudich.) with a short description (Voy. Uranie, Bot.: 434. 1829) and referenced “C. riedlei Fisch. in Herb. mus. par.” Gaudichaud-Beaupré listed the single locality “In Nova-Hollandiae ora occidentali (Port du Roi George)” for the species, thus referring to King George Sound near Albany on the south coast of Western Australia. The specific epithet ‘riedlei’ honors Anselme Riedlé (1765–1801), a French gardener from the Jardin des Plantes in Paris who served as the head gardener on French explorer Nicolas Baudin's (1754–1803) scientific expedition to chart the coast of Australia on board the corvettes Géographe and Naturaliste (Barker in J. Adelaide Bot. Gard. 21: 5–44. 2007). Baudin's expedition itinerary included several locations in coastal Western Australia, including King George Sound, Cape Leeuwin, and Geographe Bay, the latter named in honor of the corvette in which Riedlé travelled. Since specimens as well as seed and living plant collections were collected during the expedition and distributed to gardens in Britain and France (Barker, l.c.), it is likely that living material that came to be known as ‘Cycas riedlei’ in Paris was collected during this expedition. In fact, in French botanist Jean-Baptiste Leschenault de La Tour's (1773–1826) account of Baudin's expedition, he mentioned that the native inhabitants of the Leeuwin Coast of Western Australia consumed the seeds (“fruits”) of Cycas riedlei (Leschenault in Ann. Mus. Hist. Nat. 17: 82. 1811). Although Riedlé unfortunately perished during this expedition, plants bearing the name Cycas riedlei began appearing in horticultural lists throughout Europe after the expedition's return to France, e.g., Biroli (Georgica Dip. Agogna Med.: 39. 1809) and Dumont de Courset (Bot. Cult., ed. 2, 2: 39. 1811), the latter including a validating description. Australian botanist Charles Austin Gardner (1896–1970) transferred Cycas riedlei Gaudich. to Macrozamia with the citation “M. Reidlei (Gaud.) Gardner. comb. nov. (M. Fraseri, Miq.)” (Gardner, Enum. Pl. Austral. Occ.: 3. 1930) and, as “M. riedlei (Gaudich.) C.A. Gardner”, this name has been used to refer to this species in multiple scientific studies (e.g., Johnson in Proc. Linn. Soc. New South Wales, ser. 2, 84: 93. 1959; Grove & al. in Austral. J. Bot. 28: 271–281. 1980; Burbidge & Whelan in Austral. J. Ecol. 7: 63–67. 1982; Ornduff in Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 112: 393–397. 1985; Byrne & James in Heredity 67: 35–39. 1991; Ladd & al. in Stevenson & Nostog, Biol. Struct. Syst. Cycadales. Proc. CYCAD 90: 37–41. 1993; Connell & Ladd in Stevenson & Nostog, l.c.: 96–102; Marshall in Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 97: 204–222. 2007) as well as in the horticultural trade, where it is a relatively common element in private and public gardens focusing on cycads or tropical/subtropical gymnosperms. Unfortunately, Dumont de Courset's (l.c.) treatment of Cycas riedlei with a description validated the name and threatens the traditional usage of the name Cycas riedlei Fisch. ex Gaudich., which must now be considered an illegitimate later homonym (Art. 53.1) and cannot be used as the basionym for any new combination (Art. 6.10). If Dumont de Courset's name referred to the same species as Gaudichaud's, Gardner's reference to Gaudichaud's publication would likely be correctable to that by Dumont de Courset (Art. 41.3). However, for several reasons outlined below, the identity of Dumont de Courset's species remains ambiguous and should be considered independent from Gaudichaud's use of the name. Dumont de Courset refers to a plant cultivated in European greenhouses with no detailed information about its original wild provenance beyond mentioning its origin (“lieu”) as “La nouvelle Hollande” (Australia), a geographic distribution that is common to all 41 species of the Australian endemic genus Macrozamia (Calonje & al. in Cycads 5: 104–105. 2020). Furthermore, the description provided by Dumont de Courset, written years before the genus Macrozamia was erected or its diversity well understood, lacks diagnostic characters that would allow the identification of the species. Additionally, Dumont de Courset does not cite a specimen or illustration that could be considered original material suitable for type designation. Finally, and most importantly, it appears that the name ‘Cycas riedlei’ may have been independently ascribed to more than one taxon, as exemplified by Gaudichaud's protologue account, in which he mentioned that French botanist René Louiche Desfontaines (1750–1833) had applied the same name to a different plant which he then considered to be ‘Zamia tridentata’. Unfortunately, the name Z. tridentata Willd. applies to an unidentifiable species of Macrozamia (Johnson, l.c.: 104), so it is unclear to what species Desfontaines had once applied the name Cycas riedlei. What is clear from the above is that the name Cycas riedlei was independently published at least twice, and that there is no certainty that Dumont de Courset's usage of the name refers to the same species as that described by Gaudichaud. For the above reasons, the name Cycas riedlei Dum. Cours. should not be considered the basionym for Gardner's new combination, and should instead be proposed for rejection in favour of Gaudichaud's. Gaudichaud-Beaupré's specimen citation did not mention a collector or date of collection, but only a single specimen identified as ‘Cycas riedleii’ and collected from the western coast of Australia currently exists in the herbarium of the National Museum of Natural History in Paris. This specimen, bearing the inscription “Cycas riedleii” on its original label, was collected by Leschenault de La Tour during Baudin's expedition at Geographe Bay, a site over 400 km north of King George Sound. Although this specimen would have likely been available at the P herbarium for Gaudichaud-Beaupré to examine, there is no evidence that he did, as he made no mention of the locality “Geographe Bay” or of Leschenault. Although the basis for his citation of “(Port du Roi George)” remains unknown, both Geographe Bay and King George Sound occur within the geographic range of the same species and were visited during Baudin's expedition. In order to preserve the current long-standing usage in cycad research and horticulture of the name Macrozamia riedlei with the aim of fostering nomenclatural stability, we propose to conserve the name Cycas riedlei Fisch. ex Gaudich. with the specimen collected by Leschenault: [W. Australia], “Nouv. Hollande, Baye du Geographe”, Leschenault (P barcode P04023803), designated here as either the lectotype or a neotype, depending on whether or not Gaudichaud-Beaupré saw the specimen and thus made it original material. Because this specimen is sterile and, therefore, “cannot be critically identified for purposes of precise application of the name” (Art. 9.9), and, moreover, was collected at a different location than was listed in Gaudichaud-Beaupré's protologue, we also here designate as epitype a specimen collected a few kilometers west of Albany, a port city facing King George Sound, by the renowned cycad taxonomist K.D. Hill (1948–2010) and identified by him. This specimen, on two cross-referenced sheets, includes vegetative material and microsporophylls from a pollen strobilus. MC, https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9650-3136 JARC, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3653-6953 This nomenclature proposal is largely based on discussions that took place during the graduate course “Advanced Latin American and Caribbean Island Workshop on Plant Taxonomy and Nomenclature” (April 25–29, 2022) jointly sponsored by Montgomery Botanical Center and the Kimberly Green Latin American and Caribbean Center of Florida International University, Miami and delivered by Dr. Kanchi Gandhi (Nomenclatural Register, Harvard University Herbaria and Libraries). Dr. Thierry Deroin and Veronique Durand-Andro assisted in finding and imaging the type specimen at P. We also wish to acknowledge the Melbourne (MEL) and Western Australian (WA) herbaria for providing images of requested specimens. Dr. Kanchi Gandhi and Dr. Javier Francisco-Ortega (Florida International University) critically read an early draft of the proposal.