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Does Vitamin D Have a Role in Diabetes?

2022; Cureus, Inc.; Linguagem: Inglês

10.7759/cureus.30432

2168-8184

Tahani M Abugoukh, Afrah Al Sharaby, Abeer O Elshaikh, Malaz Joda, Amna Madni, Ihab Ahmed, Rasha S Abdalla, Kholood Ahmed, Shahd E Elazrag, Nadir Abdelrahman,

Adipokines, Inflammation, and Metabolic Diseases

Vitamin D, a fat-soluble vitamin, acts in the calcium and phosphorus metabolism in its active form (1,25-dihydroxy vitamin D). It may help prevent and treat autoimmune diseases, including diabetes mellitus. Diabetes has become a significant global health issue with a rising incidence and prevalence. A recent focus has been on vitamin D supplementation as part of efforts to discover novel ways to prevent and treat diabetes. Most evidence points to the vitamin D receptors (VDRS) gene in both types of diabetes. The main objective of this study is to analyze how vitamin D affects both type 1 and type 2 diabetes. In this literature review, we searched the PubMed and Google Scholar databases to collect related articles from 13 papers of different study designs. We found a significant association between vitamin D deficiency and type 1 and type 2 diabetes development. It has been shown that vitamin D supplements have a promising effect in reducing glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) in patients with type 1 diabetes, with no significant impact on the incidence or improvement of type 2 diabetes. Patients with diabetes and people at high risk of diabetes need the appropriate amount of vitamin D; therefore, regular testing and vitamin D supplementation are advised for the management and prevention of diabetes. Additional randomized studies with bigger sample sizes and longer-term trials are required to fully explore the benefits of vitamin D supplementation in patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes.