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Transcriptome-based Phylogeny of the Semi-aquatic Bugs (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Gerromorpha) Reveals Patterns of Lineage Expansion in a Series of New Adaptive Zones

2022; Oxford University Press; Volume: 39; Issue: 11 Linguagem: Inglês

10.1093/molbev/msac229

1537-1719

David Armisén, Séverine Viala, Isabelle da Rocha Silva Cordeiro, Antonin Jean Johan Crumière, Elisa Hendaoui, Augustin Le Bouquin, Wandrille Duchemin, Emilia Santos, William Toubiana, Aïdamalia Vargas-Lowman, Carla Fernanda Burguez Floriano, Dan A. Polhemus, Yanhui Wang, Locke Rowe, Felipe Ferraz Figueiredo Moreira, Abderrahman Khila,

Orthoptera Research and Taxonomy

Abstract Key innovations enable access to new adaptive zones and are often linked to increased species diversification. As such, innovations have attracted much attention, yet their concrete consequences on the subsequent evolutionary trajectory and diversification of the bearing lineages remain unclear. Water striders and relatives (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Gerromorpha) represent a monophyletic lineage of insects that transitioned to live on the water–air interface and that diversified to occupy ponds, puddles, streams, mangroves and even oceans. This lineage offers an excellent model to study the patterns and processes underlying species diversification following the conquest of new adaptive zones. However, such studies require a reliable and comprehensive phylogeny of the infraorder. Based on whole transcriptomic datasets of 97 species and fossil records, we reconstructed a new phylogeny of the Gerromorpha that resolved inconsistencies and uncovered strong support for previously unknown relationships between some important taxa. We then used this phylogeny to reconstruct the ancestral state of a set of adaptations associated with water surface invasion (fluid locomotion, dispersal and transition to saline waters) and sexual dimorphism. Our results uncovered important patterns and dynamics of phenotypic evolution, revealing how the initial event of water surface invasion enabled multiple subsequent transitions to new adaptive zones on the water surfaces. This phylogeny and the associated transcriptomic datasets constitute highly valuable resources, making Gerromorpha an attractive model lineage to study phenotypic evolution.