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Near-infrared photoimmunotherapy: design and potential applications for cancer treatment and beyond

2022; Ivyspring International Publisher; Volume: 12; Issue: 16 Linguagem: Inglês

10.7150/thno.74820

1838-7640

Danfeng Wei, Jinxin Qi, Michael R. Hamblin, Xiang Wen, Xian Jiang, Hao Yang,

Immunotherapy and Immune Responses

Near-infrared photoimmunotherapy (NIR-PIT) is a newly developed cancer treatment modality based on a target-specific photosensitizer conjugate (TSPC) composed of an NIR phthalocyanine photosensitizer and an antigen-specific recognition system.NIR-PIT has predominantly been used for targeted therapy of tumors via local irradiation with NIR light, following binding of TSPC to antigen-expressing cells.Physical stress-induced membrane damage is thought to be a major mechanism underlying NIR-PIT-triggered photokilling.Notably, NIR-PIT can rapidly induce immunogenic cell death and activate the adaptive immune response, thereby enabling its combination with immune checkpoint inhibitors.Furthermore, NIR-PIT-triggered "super-enhanced permeability and retention" effects can enhance drug delivery into tumors.Supported by its potential efficacy and safety, NIR-PIT is a rapidly developing therapeutic option for various cancers.Hence, this review seeks to provide an update on the (i) broad range of target molecules suitable for NIR-PIT, (ii) various types of receptor-selective ligands for designing the TSPC "magic bullet," (iii) NIR light parameters, and (iv) strategies for enhancing the efficacy of NIR-PIT.Moreover, we review the potential application of NIR-PIT, including the specific design and efficacy in 19 different cancer types, and its clinical studies.Finally, we summarize possible NIR-PIT applications in noncancerous conditions, including infection, pain, itching, metabolic disease, autoimmune disease, and tissue engineering.