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Geographic patterns of tree dispersal modes in Amazonia and their ecological correlates

2022; Wiley; Volume: 32; Issue: 1 Linguagem: Inglês

10.1111/geb.13596

1466-8238

Diego F. Correa, Pablo R. Stevenson, María Natalia Umaña, Luiz de Souza Coêlho, Diógenes de Andrade Lima Filho, Rafael P. Salomão, Iêda Leão do Amaral, Florian Wittmann, Francisca Dionízia de Almeida Matos, Carolina V. Castilho, Oliver L. Phillips, Juan Ernesto Guevara, Marcelo de Jesus Veiga Carim, William E. Magnusson, Daniel Sabatier, Jean‐François Molino, Mariana Victória Irume, Maria Pires Martins, José Renan da Silva Guimarães, Olaf Bánki, Maria Teresa Fernandez Piedade, Nigel C. A. Pitman, Abel Monteagudo Mendoza, José Ferreira Ramos, Bruno Garcia Luize, Evlyn Márcia Moraes de Leão Novo, Percy Núñez Vargas, Thiago Sanna Freire Silva, Eduardo Martins Venticinque, Ângelo Gilberto Manzatto, Neidiane Farias Costa Reis, John Terborgh, Katia Regina Casula, Eurídice N. Honorio Coronado, Juan Carlos Montero, Jochen Schöngart, Dairon Cárdenas López, Flávia R. C. Costa, Adriano Costa Quaresma, Charles E. Zartman, Timothy J. Killeen, Beatriz Schwantes Marimon, Ben Hur Marimon, Rodolfo Vásquez, Bonifacio Mostacedo, Layon Oreste Demarchi, Ted R. Feldpausch, Rafael L. Assis, Christopher Baraloto, Julien Engel, Pascal Pétronelli, Hernán Castellanos, Marcelo Brilhante de Medeiros, Marcelo Fragomeni Simon, Ana Andrade, José Luís Camargo, Susan G. Laurance, William F. Laurance, Lorena Maniguaje Rincón, Juliana Schietti, Thaiane R. Sousa, Emanuelle de Sousa Farias, Maria Aparecida Lopes, José Leonardo Lima Magalhães, Henrique Eduardo Mendonça Nascimento, Helder Lima de Queiroz, Gerardo A. Aymard C., Roel Brienen, Juan David Cardenas Revilla, Ima Célia Guimarães Vieira, Bruno Barçante Ladvocat Cintra, Yuri Oliveira Feitosa, Joost F. Duivenvoorden, Hugo F. Mogollón, Alejandro Araujo‐Murakami, Leandro Valle Ferreira, José Rafael Lozada, James A. Comiskey, José Júlio de Toledo, Gabriel Damasco, Nállarett Dávila, Roosevelt García‐Villacorta, Aline Lopes, Alberto Vicentini, Freddie C. Draper, Nicolás Castaño Arboleda, Fernando Cornejo Valverde, Alfonso Alonso, Francisco Dallmeier, Vitor H. F. Gomes, David Neill, Daniel P. P. de Aguiar, Luzmila Arroyo, Fernanda Antunes Carvalho, Fernanda Coelho de Souza, Dário Dantas do Amaral, Kenneth J. Feeley, Rogério Gribel, Marcelo Petratti Pansonato, Jos Barlow, Érika Berenguer, Joice Ferreira, Paul V. A. Fine, Marcelino Carneiro Guedes, E. Jiménez, Juan Carlos Licona, María Cristina Peñuela Mora, Boris Eduardo Villa Zegarra, Carlos Cerón, Émile Fonty, Terry W. Henkel, John Ethan Householder, Paul Maas, Marcos Silveira, Juliana Stropp, Raquel Thomas, Flávia Machado Durgante, Timothy R. Baker, Doug Daly, Isau Huamantupa‐Chuquimaco, William Milliken, R. Toby Pennington, Marcos Ríos Paredes, Pardo Molina, Alfredo Fuentes, Bente Klitgaard, José Luís Marcelo Peña, Carlos A. Peres, Miles R. Silman, J. Sebastián Tello, Wegliane Campelo, Jérôme Chave, Anthony Di Fiore, Renato Richard Hilário, Juan Fernando Phillips, Gonzalo Rivas‐Torres, Tinde van Andel, Patricio von Hildebrand, Luciana de Oliveira Pereira, Edelcílio Marques Barbosa, F. R. Barbosa, Luiz Carlos de Matos Bonates, Rainiellen de Sá Carpanedo, Hilda Paulette Dávila Doza, Ricardo Zárate Gómez, Therany Gonzales, George Pepe Gallardo Gonzales, Bruce Hoffman, André Braga Junqueira, Yadvinder Malhi, Íres Paula de Andrade Miranda, Linder Felipe Mozombite Pinto, Adriana Prieto, Domingos de Jesus Rodrigues, Agustín Rudas, Ademir Roberto Ruschel, Natalino Silva, César I. A. Vela, Vincent Antoine Vos, Stanford Zent, Eglée L. Zent, Janaína Costa Noronha, Bianca Weiss Albuquerque, Ángela Cano, Yrma Andreina Carrero Márquez, Janaina Barbosa Pedrosa Costa, Bernardo M. Flores, David Galbraith, Milena Holmgren, Michelle Kalamandeen, Marcelo Trindade Nascimento, Alexandre A. Oliveira, Hirma Ramírez‐Angulo, Maira Rocha, Veridiana Vizoni Scudeller, Rodrigo Sierra, Milton Tirado, Geertje van der Heijden, Emilio Vilanova, Corine Vriesendorp, Maihyra Marina Pombo, Manuel Augusto Ahuite Reategui, Cláudia Baider, Henrik Balslev, Sasha Cárdenas, Luisa Fernanda Casas, William Farfan‐Ríos, Cid Ferreira, Reynaldo Linares‐Palomino, Casimiro Mendoza, Italo Mesones, Armando Torres‐Lezama, Ligia Estela Urrego Giraldo, Daniel Villarroel, Roderick Zagt, Germaine Alexander Parada, Miguel N. Alexiades, Edmar Almeida de Oliveira, Karina García‐Cabrera, Lionel Hernández, Walter Palacios Cuenca, Susamar Pansini, Daniela Pauletto, Freddy Ramírez Arévalo, Adeilza Felipe Sampaio, Elvis H. Valderrama Sandoval, Luis Valenzuela Gamarra, Hans ter Steege,

Plant Diversity and Evolution

Abstract Aim To investigate the geographic patterns and ecological correlates in the geographic distribution of the most common tree dispersal modes in Amazonia (endozoochory, synzoochory, anemochory and hydrochory). We examined if the proportional abundance of these dispersal modes could be explained by the availability of dispersal agents (disperser‐availability hypothesis) and/or the availability of resources for constructing zoochorous fruits (resource‐availability hypothesis). Time period Tree‐inventory plots established between 1934 and 2019. Major taxa studied Trees with a diameter at breast height (DBH) ≥ 9.55 cm. Location Amazonia, here defined as the lowland rain forests of the Amazon River basin and the Guiana Shield. Methods We assigned dispersal modes to a total of 5433 species and morphospecies within 1877 tree‐inventory plots across terra‐firme, seasonally flooded, and permanently flooded forests. We investigated geographic patterns in the proportional abundance of dispersal modes. We performed an abundance‐weighted mean pairwise distance (MPD) test and fit generalized linear models (GLMs) to explain the geographic distribution of dispersal modes. Results Anemochory was significantly, positively associated with mean annual wind speed, and hydrochory was significantly higher in flooded forests. Dispersal modes did not consistently show significant associations with the availability of resources for constructing zoochorous fruits. A lower dissimilarity in dispersal modes, resulting from a higher dominance of endozoochory, occurred in terra‐firme forests (excluding podzols) compared to flooded forests. Main conclusions The disperser‐availability hypothesis was well supported for abiotic dispersal modes (anemochory and hydrochory). The availability of resources for constructing zoochorous fruits seems an unlikely explanation for the distribution of dispersal modes in Amazonia. The association between frugivores and the proportional abundance of zoochory requires further research, as tree recruitment not only depends on dispersal vectors but also on conditions that favour or limit seedling recruitment across forest types.