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Shifts in composition of northern Tethyan elasmobranch assemblages during the last millennia of the Cretaceous

2022; Elsevier BV; Volume: 142; Linguagem: Inglês

10.1016/j.cretres.2022.105414

1095-998X

Iris Feichtinger, Jürgen Pollerspöck, Mathias Harzhauser, Gerald Auer, Stjepan Ćorić, Matthias Kranner, Guillaume Guinot,

Fish Biology and Ecology Studies

Extensive bulk sampling of seven horizons of a continuous succession deposited in an outer neritic environment of the latest Maastrichtian yielded more than three thousand ichthyoliths, including 1347 elasmobranch teeth. The sampled succession represents a characteristic deep-water fauna dominated by small squaliform sharks with an increase of species richness towards the end of the Cretaceous. The multidisciplinary approach of precise sampling in combination with a well-founded biostratigraphic classification of seven assemblages provides rare and direct evidence of diversity fluctuations within the latest Maastrichtian, immediately before the bolide impact triggered the severe mass extinction event at the K/Pg boundary. Although squaliform sharks dominate the fauna, a conspicuous heterogeneity of species abundance between the assemblages is observed and a noteworthy correlation between squaliform species richness and the abundance of Parasquatina zitteli (Orectolobiformes) might indicate clade competition for ecological niches. Among 15 elasmobranch species, this study describes one new genus (Fredipristis gen. nov.) and four new squaliform species (F. eximia gen. et sp. nov., Eoetmopterus davidi sp. nov., Proetmopterus lukasi sp. nov., and Cretascymnus beauryi sp. nov.), which highlights the importance and potential of bulk sampling for reconstructing elasmobranch diversity of deep-marine realms through time.