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Biliary tract cancer: ESMO Clinical Practice Guideline for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up

2022; Elsevier BV; Volume: 34; Issue: 2 Linguagem: Inglês

10.1016/j.annonc.2022.10.506

1569-8041

Arndt Vogel, John Bridgewater, Julien Edeline, Robin Kate Kelley, Heinz‐Josef Klümpen, David Malka, John Primrose, Lorenza Rimassa, Albrecht Stenzinger, Juan W. Valle, Michel Ducreux,

Pancreatic and Hepatic Oncology Research

Biliary tract cancers (BTCs) account for <1% of all human cancers. Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is the second most common primary liver cancer after hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), accounting for ∼10%-15% of all primary liver cancers.1 The global mortality rate for CCA has increased worldwide during recent decades according to World Health Organization and Pan American Health Organization databases for 32 selected locations in Europe, America, Asia and Oceania.2 The age-standardised incidence rate for CCA is low in Europe, the USA and Australasia (0.3-3.5 cases per 100 000 population); however, in regions where liver fluke infection is common (e.g.