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Brain ageing in schizophrenia: evidence from 26 international cohorts via the ENIGMA Schizophrenia consortium

2022; Springer Nature; Volume: 28; Issue: 3 Linguagem: Inglês

10.1038/s41380-022-01897-w

1476-5578

Constantinos Constantinides, Laura K. M. Han, Clara Alloza, Linda A. Antonucci, Celso Arango, Rosa Ayesa‐Arriola, Nerisa Banaj, Alessandro Bertolino, Stefan Borgwardt, Jason Bruggemann, Juan Bustillo, Oleg Bykhovski, Vince D. Calhoun, Vaughan J. Carr, Stanley V. Catts, Young‐Chul Chung, Benedicto Crespo‐Facorro, Covadonga M. Díaz‐Caneja, Gary Donohoe, Stefan S. du Plessis, Jesse T. Edmond, Stefan Ehrlich, Robin Emsley, Lisa T. Eyler, Paola Fuentes‐Claramonte, Foivos Georgiadis, Melissa J. Green, Amalia Guerrero‐Pedraza, Minji Ha, Tim Hahn, Frans Henskens, Laurena Holleran, Stephanie Homan, Philipp Homan, Neda Jahanshad, Joost Janssen, Ellen Ji, Stefan Kaiser, В. Г. Каледа, Minah Kim, Woo‐Sung Kim, Matthias Kirschner, Peter Kochunov, Yoo Bin Kwak, Jun Soo Kwon, Irina Lebedeva, Jingyu Liu, Patricia Mitchie, Stijn Michielse, David Mothersill, Bryan Mowry, Víctor Ortiz‐García de la Foz, Christos Pantelis, Giulio Pergola, Fabrizio Piras, Edith Pomarol‐Clotet, Adrian Preda, Yann Quidé, Paul E. Rasser, Kelly Rootes-Murdy, Raymond Salvador, Marina Sangiuliano, Salvador Sarró, Ulrich Schall, André Schmidt, Rodney J. Scott, Pierluigi Selvaggi, Kang Sim, Antonín Škoch, Gianfranco Spalletta, Filip Španiel, Sophia I. Thomopoulos, David Tomeček, Alexander S. Tomyshev, Diana Tordesillas‐Gutiérrez, Thérèse van Amelsvoort, Javier Vázquez‐Bourgon, Daniela Vecchio, Aristotle N. Voineskos, Cynthia Shannon Weickert, Thomas W. Weickert, Paul M. Thompson, Lianne Schmaal, Theo G.M. van Erp, Jessica A. Turner, James H. Cole, Danai Dima, Esther Walton,

Diet and metabolism studies

Schizophrenia (SZ) is associated with an increased risk of life-long cognitive impairments, age-related chronic disease, and premature mortality. We investigated evidence for advanced brain ageing in adult SZ patients, and whether this was associated with clinical characteristics in a prospective meta-analytic study conducted by the ENIGMA Schizophrenia Working Group. The study included data from 26 cohorts worldwide, with a total of 2803 SZ patients (mean age 34.2 years; range 18-72 years; 67% male) and 2598 healthy controls (mean age 33.8 years, range 18-73 years, 55% male). Brain-predicted age was individually estimated using a model trained on independent data based on 68 measures of cortical thickness and surface area, 7 subcortical volumes, lateral ventricular volumes and total intracranial volume, all derived from T1-weighted brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans. Deviations from a healthy brain ageing trajectory were assessed by the difference between brain-predicted age and chronological age (brain-predicted age difference [brain-PAD]). On average, SZ patients showed a higher brain-PAD of +3.55 years (95% CI: 2.91, 4.19; I