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Risk Factors for COVID-19 in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A National, ENEIDA-Based Case–Control Study (COVID-19-EII)

2022; Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute; Volume: 11; Issue: 24 Linguagem: Inglês

10.3390/jcm11247540

2077-0383

Yamile Zabana, Ignacio Marín‐Jiménez, Iago Rodríguez‐Lago, Isabel Vera, María Dolores Martín‐Arranz, Iván Guerra, Javier P. Gisbert, Francisco Mesonero, Olga Benítez, Carlos Taxonera, Ángel Ponferrada-Díaz, Marta Piqueras, Alfredo J. Lucendo, Berta Caballol, Míriam Mañosa, Pilar Martínez-Montiel, Marta Maia Boscá-Watts, Jordi Gordillo, Luís Bujanda, Noemí Manceñido, Teresa Martínez-Pérez, Alicia López, Cristina Rodríguez-Gutiérrez, Santiago García‐López, Pablo Vega, Montserrat Rivero, Luigi Melcarne, María Calvo Íñiguez, Marisa Iborra, Manuel Barreiro‐de Acosta, Beatriz Sicilia, Jesús Barrio, J L Pérez Calle, David Busquets, Isabel Pérez‐Martínez, Mercè Navarro-Llavat, Vicent Hernández, Federico Argüelles‐Arias, Fernando Ramírez Esteso, Susana Meijide, Laura Ramos, Fernando Gomollón, Fernando Muñoz, Gerard Surís, Jone Ortiz de Zárate, José María Huguet, Jordina Llaó, Mariana Fe García-Sepulcre, Mónica Sierra, Miguel Durá-Gil, Sandra Estrecha, Ana Fuentes Coronel, Esther Hinojosa, Lorenzo Olivan, Eva Iglesias, Ana Gutiérrez, Pilar Varela, Núria Rull, Pau Gilabert, Alejandro Hernández-Camba, Alicia Brotons, Daniel Ginard, Eva Sesé, Daniel Carpio, Montserrat Aceituno, José Luis Cabriada, Yago González‐Lama, Laura Jiménez, María Chaparro, Antonio López-San Román, Cristina Alba, Rocío Plaza, Raquel Mena, Sonsoles Tamarit‐Sebastián, Elena Ricart, Margalida Calafat, Sonsoles Olivares, Pablo Navarro, Federico Bertoletti, Horacio Alonso‐Galán, Ramón Pajares, Pablo Olcina Domínguez, Pamela Manzano, Eugeni Domènech, María Esteve,

SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research

(1) Scant information is available concerning the characteristics that may favour the acquisition of COVID-19 in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess these differences between infected and noninfected patients with IBD. (2) This nationwide case−control study evaluated patients with inflammatory bowel disease with COVID-19 (cases) and without COVID-19 (controls) during the period March−July 2020 included in the ENEIDA of GETECCU. (3) A total of 496 cases and 964 controls from 73 Spanish centres were included. No differences were found in the basal characteristics between cases and controls. Cases had higher comorbidity Charlson scores (24% vs. 19%; p = 0.02) and occupational risk (28% vs. 10.5%; p < 0.0001) more frequently than did controls. Lockdown was the only protective measure against COVID-19 (50% vs. 70%; p < 0.0001). No differences were found in the use of systemic steroids, immunosuppressants or biologics between cases and controls. Cases were more often treated with 5-aminosalicylates (42% vs. 34%; p = 0.003). Having a moderate Charlson score (OR: 2.7; 95%CI: 1.3−5.9), occupational risk (OR: 2.9; 95%CI: 1.8−4.4) and the use of 5-aminosalicylates (OR: 1.7; 95%CI: 1.2−2.5) were factors for COVID-19. The strict lockdown was the only protective factor (OR: 0.1; 95%CI: 0.09−0.2). (4) Comorbidities and occupational exposure are the most relevant factors for COVID-19 in patients with IBD. The risk of COVID-19 seems not to be increased by immunosuppressants or biologics, with a potential effect of 5-aminosalicylates, which should be investigated further and interpreted with caution.