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A Directional TDMA Protocol for High Throughput URLLC in mmWave Vehicular Networks

2022; Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers; Volume: 72; Issue: 3 Linguagem: Inglês

10.1109/tvt.2022.3219771

1939-9359

Mohammed S. Bahbahani, Emad Alsusa, Ali Hammadi,

Wireless Body Area Networks

Future vehicular wireless applications, such as autonomous and remote driving, will demand High Throughput Ultra-Reliable Low Latency Communication (HT-URLLC) unsupported by current wireless standards. Hybrid network designs that combine Millimeter-Wave (mmWave) and Sub-6 GHz communications were recently proposed to establish HT-URLLC in Vehicle-To-Everything (V2X) networks. To enable such integration, new Medium Access Control (MAC) protocols must be developed. As such, we consider a linear vehicular network, in which vehicles driving closely in the same lane utilize both front and rear directional mmWave antennas to form a Lane Cluster (LC). Data packets, then, propagate forwards and backwards along the LC towards its terminals in a multi-hop fashion. In turn, the LC terminals utilize omnidirectional antennas at Sub-6 GHz frequencies to disseminate the cluster's packets to nearby LCs, Road Side Units (RSUs), and cellular base stations. To resolve the channel contention between subsequent LC members, we devised a two-timeslot MAC scheme with a schedule alignment mechanism. Additionally, we developed centralized and distributed schedule coordination protocols aligning the schedules of adjacent LCs to mitigate cross-lane interference due to antenna beam misalignment. The proposed protocols were evaluated using VEINS (extension of OMNET++ network simulator) and compared against the CSMA-CA scheme of IEEE 802.11p under different parameters and scenarios. The results show that the proposed linear topology along with the scheduling protocols can potentially achieve HT-URLLC while addressing the mmWave practicality issues.