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Phylogenetics and the Cenozoic radiation of lampreys

2022; Elsevier BV; Volume: 33; Issue: 2 Linguagem: Inglês

10.1016/j.cub.2022.12.018

1879-0445

Chase Doran Brownstein, Thomas J. Near,

Evolution and Paleontology Studies

The development of a movable jaw is one of the most important transitions in the evolutionary history of animals. 1 Brazeau M.D. Friedman M. The origin and early phylogenetic history of jawed vertebrates. Nature. 2015; 520: 490-497 Crossref PubMed Scopus (124) Google Scholar Jawed vertebrates rapidly diversified after appearing approximately 470 million years ago. Today, only lampreys and hagfishes represent the once dominant jawless grade 2 Janvier P. Early jawless vertebrates and cyclostome origins. Zoolog. Sci. 2008; 25: 1045-1056 Crossref PubMed Scopus (59) Google Scholar ,3 Anderson P.S.L. Friedman M. Brazeau M.D. Rayfield E.J. Initial radiation of jaws demonstrated stability despite faunal and environmental change. Nature. 2011; 476: 206-209 Crossref PubMed Scopus (107) Google Scholar ,4 Donoghue P.C.J. Keating J.N. Early vertebrate evolution. 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Springer Netherlands, 2019: 481-526https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-024-1684-8_6 Crossref Google Scholar the evolutionary history of lampreys and hagfishes is a major frontier of organismal biology. Of these two clades, lampreys 22 Fricke R. Eschmeyer W.N. Fong J.D. Eschmeyer's Catalog of Fishes: genera/species by family/subfamily. https://researcharchive.calacademy.org/research/ichthyology/catalog/SpeciesByFamily.aspDate: 2022 Google Scholar are more ecologically diverse, exhibiting freshwater, anadromous, and fully marine forms, as well as parasitic and nonparasitic species. 23 Hardisty M.W. The biology of cyclostomes. Chapman and Hall, 1979 Crossref Google Scholar ,24 Hardisty M.W. Lampreys: Life without jaws. Forrest Text, 2006 Google Scholar Here, we present a new phylogeny and historical biogeographic reconstruction of all living lampreys. Whereas the early diversification of this clade tracks Pangaean fragmentation, lampreys also rapidly radiated in the northern hemisphere during the mid-Cretaceous and directly after the Cretaceous-Paleogene extinction. These radiations mirrored concurrent ones in other animals and plants and coincided with changes to lamprey ecology and feeding behavior. Our results suggest that 80% of living lamprey clades appeared in the last 20 million years of Earth history. Rather than gradually accumulating since the oldest stem-group forms appeared in the early Paleozoic, living lamprey biodiversity results from diversifications extending from the Cretaceous to present.