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Genome structures resolve the early diversification of teleost fishes

2023; American Association for the Advancement of Science; Volume: 379; Issue: 6632 Linguagem: Inglês

10.1126/science.abq4257

1095-9203

Elise Parey, Alexandra Louis, Jérôme Montfort, Olivier Bouchez, Céline Lopez‐Roques, Carole Iampietro, Jérôme Lluch, Adrien Castinel, Cécile Donnadieu, Thomas Desvignes, Christabel Floi Bucao, Elodie Jouanno, Ming Wen, Sahar Mejri, Ron P. Dirks, Hans J. Jansen, Christiaan V. Henkel, Wei‐Jen Chen, Margot Zahm, Cédric Cabau, Christophe Klopp, Andrew W. Thompson, Marc Robinson‐Rechavi, Ingo Braasch, Guillaume Lecointre, Julien Bobe, John H. Postlethwait, Camille Berthelot, Hugues Roest Crollius, Yann Guiguen,

Genetic diversity and population structure

Accurate species phylogenies are a prerequisite for all evolutionary research. Teleosts are the largest and most diversified group of extant vertebrates, but relationships among their three oldest extant lineages remain unresolved. On the basis of seven high-quality new genome assemblies in Elopomorpha (tarpons, eels), we revisited the topology of the deepest branches of the teleost phylogeny using independent gene sequence and chromosomal rearrangement phylogenomic approaches. These analyses converged to a single scenario that unambiguously places the Elopomorpha and Osteoglossomorpha (arapaima, elephantnose fish) in a monophyletic sister group to all other teleosts, i.e., the Clupeocephala lineage (zebrafish, medaka). This finding resolves more than 50 years of controversy on the evolutionary relationships of these lineages and highlights the power of combining different levels of genome-wide information to solve complex phylogenies.