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Family Picornaviridae

2023; Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute; Linguagem: Inglês

10.1016/b978-0-323-90385-1.00018-2

1999-4915

Susan Payne,

Viral Infections and Immunology Research

Members of the family Picornaviridae are small unenveloped positive-sense RNA viruses. Picornaviral genomes have a single open-reading frame encoding a polyprotein of ~2300 amino acids that is proteolytically cleaved to produce all viral proteins. There are over 80 named genera in the family Picornaviridae. Of importance to human health are several members of the genus Enterovirus. Primary sites of replication are epithelial cells and lymphoid tissues of upper respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts. Enteroviruses generally cause asymptomatic infections or mild disease but some escape the GI tract to infect other organs. Hepatitis A virus (genus Hepatovirus) causes acute hepatitis. Foot and mouth disease virus (FMDV) infects cattle, sheep, pigs, and horses. FMDV is very stable in the environment and is easily transmitted over long distances. In FMDV-free regions of the world occasional incursions and outbreaks cause major disruptions of agriculture and huge economic losses.