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Phytochemical analysis, in vitro antioxidant and anticholinesterase activities of Solanum paniculatum L. and an in-silico test with the AChE enzyme

2023; Elsevier BV; Volume: 156; Linguagem: Inglês

10.1016/j.sajb.2023.03.024

1727-9321

João Paulo Rodrigues da Silva, Adriane da Cunha Rios Aragão, Ronaldo dos Santos Sousa, Clara Andrezza Crisóstomo Bezerra Costa, Orlando Francisco da Silva Moura, Thais Araujo, Durcilene Alves da Silva, Antônio Rodrigues da Silva Neto, Kessia da Costa Silva, Tatiana de Oliveira Lopes, Penina Sousa Mourão, Lorena Thayla Nascimento e Sousa, Francisco das Chagas Alves Lima, Mahendra Rai, Johnnatan Duarte de Freitas, Chistiane Mendes Feitosa, Francisco Arthur e Silva Filho, Valdiléia Teixeira Uchôa,

Plant biochemistry and biosynthesis

Solanum paniculatum L, popularly known in Brazil as Jurubeba, is used in traditional medicine to treat diseases such as common cold, kidney and liver ailments, and even diabetes. The objective of this work was to produce ethanolic and hexane extracts from the stem bark and leaves of S. paniculatum; perform phytochemical analysis; assess their antioxidant, anticholinesterase activities, and structure-activity relationship of the identified compounds with AChE enzyme by molecular docking. The phytochemicals present in the extracts were analyzed by phytochemical prospection techniques. The analysis demonstrated the presence of alkaloids, saponins, flavonoids, triterpenes, tannins, coumarins, steroids, and anthraquinones in the extract. Through TLC, the hexane extract of S. paniculatum leaves (EHFS) was found to be more promising than the filter chromatography in reach the FSP-1 fraction, analyzed by 1H NMR, 13C, and infrared techniques, resulting in the isolation of spinasterol, an important plant steroid. HPLC analysis determined the presence of catechin, epicatechin, chlorogenic acid, salicylic acid, and syringaldehyde. The antioxidant activity (DPPH and ABTS) presented excellent results for the ethanolic extracts of leaves (EEFS) for both radicals corresponding to 18.36 ± 0.71 (ABTS) and 33.46 ± 2.64 (DPPH), and moderate activity for ethanolic extracts of bark (EECS) 26.07 ± 1.24 (ABTS) and 51.88 ± 3.12 (DPPH). These results may be related to the presence of many phenolic compounds in the extracts. The acetylcholinesterase enzyme inhibition test showed strong activity for EECS and EHFS with inhibition of 71.49% and 70.05%, respectively, and moderate activity for EEFS and hexane extract of bark (EHCS) with 34.84% and 32.50%, respectively. Among the complexes obtained in the insilico study of structural activity, the complex with the compound 1H23/spinasterol presented better energy and constant interaction. Therefore, this study revealed the broad potential of S. paniculatum as a possible herbal medicine and helped to scientifically understand its composition and activity.